{"title":"A partitioned Lagrangian finite element approach for the simulation of viscoelastic and elasto-viscoplastic free-surface flows","authors":"Giacomo Rizzieri, Liberato Ferrara, Massimiliano Cremonesi","doi":"10.1016/j.cma.2025.118071","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Many materials, such as clays, fresh concrete, and biological fluids, exhibit elasto-viscoplastic (EVP) behaviour, transitioning between solid and fluid states under varying stress conditions. Among EVP models, Saramito’s constitutive law stands out for its thermodynamic consistency, smooth solid-to-fluid transition, and ability to accurately represent diverse materials with only four easily determinable parameters. However, computational challenges have mainly confined its application to 2D or axisymmetric confined flows. This work presents an innovative partitioned Lagrangian FEM approach for the simulation of transient free-surface viscoelastic and EVP flows. The Lagrangian framework allows to naturally track free surfaces and simplifies the constitutive equation by eliminating the convective term. The solver decouples the Navier–Stokes equations (solved implicitly) from the EVP constitutive law (solved explicitly), employing an adaptive sub-stepping procedure. An advantageous splitting of the Cauchy stress tensor is used in combination with the Both Sides Diffusion (BSD) stabilization technique to prevent issues linked to the ellipticity loss in the momentum equation, also for low solvent-polymer viscosity ratios. The FEM solver has been integrated within the Particle Finite Element Method (PFEM), an updated Lagrangian formulation equipped with an efficient re-meshing scheme, to simulate free-surface flows, large deformations in soft solids, and topological changes of the domain. Benchmark tests in 2D and 3D, including gravity-induced spreading, impacting drops, and dam-break scenarios are used to validate the framework and highlight the versatility of Saramito’s model, which can also successfully reproduce a wide range of simpler sub-cases, including viscoelastic, viscoplastic, and EVP behaviours.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55222,"journal":{"name":"Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering","volume":"443 ","pages":"Article 118071"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9000,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0045782525003433","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Many materials, such as clays, fresh concrete, and biological fluids, exhibit elasto-viscoplastic (EVP) behaviour, transitioning between solid and fluid states under varying stress conditions. Among EVP models, Saramito’s constitutive law stands out for its thermodynamic consistency, smooth solid-to-fluid transition, and ability to accurately represent diverse materials with only four easily determinable parameters. However, computational challenges have mainly confined its application to 2D or axisymmetric confined flows. This work presents an innovative partitioned Lagrangian FEM approach for the simulation of transient free-surface viscoelastic and EVP flows. The Lagrangian framework allows to naturally track free surfaces and simplifies the constitutive equation by eliminating the convective term. The solver decouples the Navier–Stokes equations (solved implicitly) from the EVP constitutive law (solved explicitly), employing an adaptive sub-stepping procedure. An advantageous splitting of the Cauchy stress tensor is used in combination with the Both Sides Diffusion (BSD) stabilization technique to prevent issues linked to the ellipticity loss in the momentum equation, also for low solvent-polymer viscosity ratios. The FEM solver has been integrated within the Particle Finite Element Method (PFEM), an updated Lagrangian formulation equipped with an efficient re-meshing scheme, to simulate free-surface flows, large deformations in soft solids, and topological changes of the domain. Benchmark tests in 2D and 3D, including gravity-induced spreading, impacting drops, and dam-break scenarios are used to validate the framework and highlight the versatility of Saramito’s model, which can also successfully reproduce a wide range of simpler sub-cases, including viscoelastic, viscoplastic, and EVP behaviours.
期刊介绍:
Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering stands as a cornerstone in the realm of computational science and engineering. With a history spanning over five decades, the journal has been a key platform for disseminating papers on advanced mathematical modeling and numerical solutions. Interdisciplinary in nature, these contributions encompass mechanics, mathematics, computer science, and various scientific disciplines. The journal welcomes a broad range of computational methods addressing the simulation, analysis, and design of complex physical problems, making it a vital resource for researchers in the field.