An overview of 3D printed concrete for building structures: Material properties, sustainability, future opportunities, and challenges

IF 3.9 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Structures Pub Date : 2025-05-26 DOI:10.1016/j.istruc.2025.109284

Osama Mohamed , Anamika Mishra , Fida Isam

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Three-dimensional (3D) printing of concrete structures is gaining interest and popularity as an alternative to conventional construction. 3D-printed concrete (3DPC) is advantageous for constructing building elements or structures with complex geometries, as it generally decreases construction time, can reduce costs, and improves safety on construction sites. Compared to concrete for conventional construction, mixes for 3D printing must satisfy more stringent requirements to achieve pumpability, extrudability, and buildability. This study reviews the rheological, mechanical, and durability properties of mortar-based 3DPC. The effect of incorporating coarse aggregates in 3DPC mixes on the shrinkage and bond strength of printed elements is also discussed. Mortar-based 3DPC is characterized by a lower self-weight which enhances interlayer stability. However, mortar-based 3DPC exhibits high shrinkage compared to aggregate-based 3DPC. Both a retarder and high-range water-reducing admixtures may be necessary to control the flowability and setting time of 3DPC. The study focuses on the effects of binder composition, aggregate size, water-to-binder ratio, reinforcement, and printing parameters on pumpability, extrudability, and buildability. Selected aspects related to 3D printing of concrete including material properties, applications, sustainability, challenges, and future opportunities are discussed.

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建筑结构3D打印混凝土概述：材料特性，可持续性，未来机遇和挑战

混凝土结构的三维（3D）打印作为传统建筑的一种替代方案正在获得人们的兴趣和普及。3d打印混凝土（3DPC）对于建造具有复杂几何形状的建筑构件或结构具有优势，因为它通常可以缩短施工时间，降低成本，并提高施工现场的安全性。与传统建筑的混凝土相比，3D打印的混合料必须满足更严格的要求，以实现可泵送性、可挤压性和可建造性。本研究综述了砂浆基3DPC的流变学、力学和耐久性性能。讨论了粗集料掺入3DPC混合料对打印件收缩率和粘结强度的影响。砂浆基3DPC的特点是自重较低，增强了层间稳定性。砂浆基3DPC的收缩率高于骨料基3DPC。为了控制3DPC的流动性和凝结时间，可能需要缓凝剂和高范围减水剂。该研究的重点是粘合剂组成、骨料尺寸、水胶比、增强和打印参数对可泵性、可挤压性和可构建性的影响。讨论了与混凝土3D打印相关的选择方面，包括材料特性，应用，可持续性，挑战和未来机遇。

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来源期刊

Structures Engineering-Architecture

CiteScore

5.70

自引率

17.10%

发文量

1187

期刊介绍： Structures aims to publish internationally-leading research across the full breadth of structural engineering. Papers for Structures are particularly welcome in which high-quality research will benefit from wide readership of academics and practitioners such that not only high citation rates but also tangible industrial-related pathways to impact are achieved.