A hypothesis exploring gender differences in gait variability using rhythmic auditory stimulation in individuals with Parkinson’s disease

Abstract

Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is an incurable and progressive neurodegenerative disorder with worldwide prevalence. The application of external cueing devices to mitigate motor symptoms of Parkinson’s Disease (PD) and improve gait has gained significant attention in recent decades. Many of these studies have yielded significant findings, however, they often overlook gender-related differences that may underlie significant outcomes in longitudinal PD studies and warrant consideration. A review of existing literature shows significant gender differences within this population including differences in disease epidemiology, gait, and dual-tasking abilities. Thus, this paper presents the hypothesis that because males tend to be more severely affected by PD, females are more likely to benefit from external cueing devices such as Rhythmic Auditory Stimulation (RAS). Preliminary data using a small cohort supports this hypothesis, warranting further investigation. Validation of this hypothesis will highlight the importance of conducting inclusive research studies and design approaches. Incorporating gender-specific considerations into treatment plans will optimize the efficacy of these therapies and thus lead to a more significant and widespread reduction in disability and improvement in life for individuals managing the symptoms of PD.