{"title":"Adverse Childhood Experiences, Intergenerational Trauma, and Historical Trauma: A Child's Story.","authors":"Carol Westby,Leslie E Kokotek,Karla N Washington","doi":"10.1044/2025_lshss-24-00123","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSE\r\nThe prevalence of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) is increasing and is highest in minoritized ethnic/racial groups, most notably in Indigenous populations in the United States and Canada. Beyond ACEs, minoritized ethnic/racial groups have also experienced historical oppression, discrimination, and economic inequalities that can perpetuate ACEs and initiate intergenerational cycles of adversity. Children who have experienced multiple ACEs are at risk for learning and communication impairments that would qualify them for speech and language services. The purpose of this case study is to: (a) define ACEs, intergenerational and historical trauma, as well as describe the causes, consequences, and relationships among these three types of trauma; (b) describe the use of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) for assessment of an Indigenous child who has experienced multiple ACEs that may be associated with historical trauma; and (c) describe implementation of the Attachment, Regulation, Competency intervention for children with complex posttraumatic stress disorder adapted for an Indigenous child.\r\n\r\nCONCLUSIONS\r\nThe concept of historical trauma arose with Indigenous populations, but it has been extended to many other populations that have experienced chronic trauma associated with oppression based on their ethnicity, race, or culture. The ICF provides a framework for conducting a comprehensive assessment and developing an intervention plan for a child who has experienced multiple ACEs, possibly related to intergenerational and historical trauma. To understand the child's strengths and needs, it is essential that clinicians consider the child's unique personal and environmental contextual factors. By considering these contextual factors, clinicians can identify which attributes serve as barriers or facilitators to children's functioning and how intervention programs may need to be adapted for the child's culture.","PeriodicalId":54326,"journal":{"name":"Language Speech and Hearing Services in Schools","volume":"12 1","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2000,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Language Speech and Hearing Services in Schools","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1044/2025_lshss-24-00123","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"AUDIOLOGY & SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
PURPOSE
The prevalence of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) is increasing and is highest in minoritized ethnic/racial groups, most notably in Indigenous populations in the United States and Canada. Beyond ACEs, minoritized ethnic/racial groups have also experienced historical oppression, discrimination, and economic inequalities that can perpetuate ACEs and initiate intergenerational cycles of adversity. Children who have experienced multiple ACEs are at risk for learning and communication impairments that would qualify them for speech and language services. The purpose of this case study is to: (a) define ACEs, intergenerational and historical trauma, as well as describe the causes, consequences, and relationships among these three types of trauma; (b) describe the use of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) for assessment of an Indigenous child who has experienced multiple ACEs that may be associated with historical trauma; and (c) describe implementation of the Attachment, Regulation, Competency intervention for children with complex posttraumatic stress disorder adapted for an Indigenous child.
CONCLUSIONS
The concept of historical trauma arose with Indigenous populations, but it has been extended to many other populations that have experienced chronic trauma associated with oppression based on their ethnicity, race, or culture. The ICF provides a framework for conducting a comprehensive assessment and developing an intervention plan for a child who has experienced multiple ACEs, possibly related to intergenerational and historical trauma. To understand the child's strengths and needs, it is essential that clinicians consider the child's unique personal and environmental contextual factors. By considering these contextual factors, clinicians can identify which attributes serve as barriers or facilitators to children's functioning and how intervention programs may need to be adapted for the child's culture.
期刊介绍:
Mission: LSHSS publishes peer-reviewed research and other scholarly articles pertaining to the practice of audiology and speech-language pathology in the schools, focusing on children and adolescents. The journal is an international outlet for clinical research and is designed to promote development and analysis of approaches concerning the delivery of services to the school-aged population. LSHSS seeks to advance evidence-based practice by disseminating the results of new studies as well as providing a forum for critical reviews and meta-analyses of previously published work.
Scope: The broad field of audiology and speech-language pathology as practiced in schools, including aural rehabilitation; augmentative and alternative communication; childhood apraxia of speech; classroom acoustics; cognitive impairment; craniofacial disorders; fluency disorders; hearing-assistive technology; language disorders; literacy disorders including reading, writing, and spelling; motor speech disorders; speech sound disorders; swallowing, dysphagia, and feeding disorders; voice disorders.