Photosynthetic dependence and filament production in physical bacterial-Symbiodiniaceae interactions.

IF 5.1 Q1 ECOLOGY
ISME communications Pub Date : 2025-04-25 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI:10.1093/ismeco/ycaf070
Gavin C McLaren, Morgan V Farrell, Nicholas J Shikuma, Cawa Tran
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Abstract

The cnidarian microbiome consists of a wide variety of beneficial microbes that play vital roles in maintaining and fortifying host health. Photosynthesis from symbiotic dinoflagellates (in the family Symbiodiniaceae) is crucial for their symbiosis establishment with the cnidarian host. Although more is known regarding interactions between the host and its associated bacteria and dinoflagellates, there has been little investigation into the relationship between the two microbes themselves and whether photosynthesis plays a role. Through two different methods of photosynthetic inhibition of dinoflagellates (incubation in the dark or pre-treatment with a photosystem II inhibitor), we investigated how pathogenic versus beneficial bacteria physically interact with three Symbiodiniaceae strains (symbiotic and free-living). The beneficial bacterium Tritonibacter mobilis appears to interact with photosynthesizing algae only. In the absence of photosynthesis, little to no physical interactions were observed between Symbiodiniaceae and T. mobilis. Bacterial congregation around individual dinoflagellate cells was significantly lower when photosynthesis was impaired, suggesting photosynthesis is a key facilitator of interactions between T. mobilis and all three Symbiodiniaceae strains. We also investigated whether photosynthesis affects interactions between Symbiodiniaceae and the pathogen Vibrio alginolyticus. Although no discernable impacts of photosynthetic inhibition were observed with the pathogen, scanning electron microscopy uncovered various mechanisms of interaction between Symbiodiniaceae and both bacteria, one of which includes the production of filaments not previously described. Overall, our research highlights the importance of photosynthesis in initiating interactions between bacteria and both free-living and symbiotic dinoflagellates, and opens a door to new questions regarding cell-surface interactions among individual microbes.

物理细菌-共生菌科相互作用中的光合依赖和丝的产生。
刺胞菌微生物群由多种有益微生物组成,在维持和加强宿主健康方面起着至关重要的作用。共生鞭毛藻(共生鞭毛藻科)的光合作用对它们与刺胞宿主建立共生关系至关重要。虽然人们对宿主及其相关细菌和鞭毛藻之间的相互作用了解得更多,但对这两种微生物之间的关系以及光合作用是否起作用的研究却很少。通过两种不同的抑制鞭毛藻光合作用的方法(在黑暗中孵育或用光系统II抑制剂预处理),我们研究了病原细菌和有益细菌如何与三种共生菌科菌株(共生和自由生活)物理相互作用。有益细菌三栖杆菌似乎只与光合藻类相互作用。在没有光合作用的情况下,共生体科植物与移植物之间几乎没有观察到物理相互作用。当光合作用受损时,单个鞭毛细胞周围的细菌聚集显著降低,这表明光合作用是T. mobilis与所有三种共生菌之间相互作用的关键促进因素。我们还研究了光合作用是否影响共生菌科与病原菌溶藻弧菌之间的相互作用。虽然没有观察到病原菌对光合作用抑制的明显影响,但扫描电子显微镜揭示了共生菌科和这两种细菌之间相互作用的各种机制,其中之一包括以前未描述的细丝的产生。总的来说,我们的研究强调了光合作用在启动细菌与自由生活和共生鞭毛藻之间相互作用中的重要性,并为个体微生物之间细胞表面相互作用的新问题打开了大门。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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