Investigating additional malignancy rates and prognostic factors in multiple myeloma patients: a Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database retrospective cohort study.

IF 1.5 4区 医学 Q4 ONCOLOGY
Translational cancer research Pub Date : 2025-04-30 Epub Date: 2025-04-14 DOI:10.21037/tcr-24-1721
Nanxi Dong, Baodong Ye, Shuyan Liu
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: Effective treatments have improved survival in multiple myeloma (MM), but the extension of survival has increased the risk of additional malignancies. Existing staging systems, such as the Durie-Salmon (D-S) staging system and the Revised International Staging System (R-ISS), lack comprehensive data on malignancy-related complications. With the aim of improving outcomes, in this study, we investigated additional malignancy rates, latency periods, and prognostic factors in MM patients using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database.

Methods: Data from MM patients with additional malignancies [1992-2020] were extracted from SEER. Patients meeting International Classification of Diseases for Oncology, Third Edition (ICD-O-3) criteria were included, excluding those with MM as the sole primary malignancy (PM). Variables analyzed included age, sex, race, latency period, tumor number, sequence, and malignancies sites. Standardized incidence ratio (SIR) and Cox regressions were used to assess risks and survival factors. Two nomograms were developed for prognosis prediction.

Results: Among 60,550 MM patients, 3,676 (6.07%) developed second primary malignancies (SPMs), and 1,663 (2.75%) had primary malignancies (PMs). Prostate cancer was the most solid tumor, whereas non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) was the leading hematologic malignancy. Among MM patients with SPMs, the median follow-up duration was 60 months, and the overall survival (OS) rate was 28.63%. The following key risk factors were identified: older age at MM diagnosis [≥80 vs. <60 years, hazard ratio (HR) =2.101, P<0.001], higher sequence number (second of two or more primaries vs. first, HR =2.006, P<0.001; third or more vs. first, HR =5.483, P<0.001), and specific cancer sites (e.g., thyroid vs. prostate). Tumor number (4-9 vs. 2 malignant tumors, HR =0.650, P=0.01), specific cancer sites (e.g., NHL vs. prostate), and latency period (2-3 vs. 0-1 year, HR =0.610, P<0.001; ≥4 vs. 0-1 year, HR =0.306, P<0.001) were identified as protective factors influencing the survival. A nomogram for SPMs showed high predictive accuracy [area under the curve (AUC): 0.944 for 3-year survival]. For PMs, median follow-up was 26 months, with a 31.11% survival rate. Risk factors included advanced age, NHL, and higher sequence number. A PM nomogram demonstrated moderate accuracy (AUC: 0.622 for 3-year survival). For PMs, median follow-up was 26 months, with a 31.11% survival rate. Risk factors included advanced age, NHL, and higher sequence number. A PM nomogram demonstrated moderate accuracy (AUC: 0.622 for 3-year survival).

Conclusions: This study highlights key risk factors for additional malignancies in MM patients, including advanced age, NHL, and higher sequence numbers. The developed nomograms aid in predicting survival outcomes, enabling personalized clinical decisions and improved patient management.

调查多发性骨髓瘤患者的其他恶性肿瘤发生率和预后因素:一项监测、流行病学和最终结果(SEER)数据库回顾性队列研究。
背景:有效的治疗提高了多发性骨髓瘤(MM)的生存率,但生存期的延长增加了其他恶性肿瘤的风险。现有的分期系统,如Durie-Salmon (D-S)分期系统和修订的国际分期系统(R-ISS),缺乏恶性肿瘤相关并发症的全面数据。为了改善预后,在本研究中,我们使用监测、流行病学和最终结果(SEER)数据库调查了MM患者的其他恶性肿瘤发生率、潜伏期和预后因素。方法:从SEER中提取合并其他恶性肿瘤的MM患者的数据[1992-2020]。符合国际肿瘤疾病分类第三版(ICD-O-3)标准的患者被纳入,不包括以MM为唯一原发恶性肿瘤(PM)的患者。分析的变量包括年龄、性别、种族、潜伏期、肿瘤数量、序列和恶性肿瘤部位。标准化发病率(SIR)和Cox回归用于评估风险和生存因素。两种形态图用于预测预后。结果:60550例MM患者中,3676例(6.07%)发生第二原发恶性肿瘤(SPMs), 1663例(2.75%)发生原发恶性肿瘤(pm)。前列腺癌是最主要的实体肿瘤,而非霍奇金淋巴瘤(NHL)是主要的血液恶性肿瘤。MM合并SPMs患者中位随访时间为60个月,总生存率(OS)为28.63%。确定了以下关键危险因素:MM诊断时年龄较大[≥80 vs. vs. 1, HR =2.006, pv;首先,HR =5.483, pv。前列腺癌)。肿瘤数量(4-9个vs. 2个恶性肿瘤,HR =0.650, P=0.01)、特定肿瘤部位(如NHL vs.前列腺)和潜伏期(2-3年vs. 0-1年,HR =0.610, pv vs. 0-1年,HR =0.306, P)结论:本研究强调了MM患者其他恶性肿瘤的关键危险因素,包括高龄、NHL和较高的序列数。开发的形态图有助于预测生存结果,使个性化的临床决策和改善患者管理。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
2.10
自引率
0.00%
发文量
252
期刊介绍: Translational Cancer Research (Transl Cancer Res TCR; Print ISSN: 2218-676X; Online ISSN 2219-6803; http://tcr.amegroups.com/) is an Open Access, peer-reviewed journal, indexed in Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE). TCR publishes laboratory studies of novel therapeutic interventions as well as clinical trials which evaluate new treatment paradigms for cancer; results of novel research investigations which bridge the laboratory and clinical settings including risk assessment, cellular and molecular characterization, prevention, detection, diagnosis and treatment of human cancers with the overall goal of improving the clinical care of cancer patients. The focus of TCR is original, peer-reviewed, science-based research that successfully advances clinical medicine toward the goal of improving patients'' quality of life. The editors and an international advisory group of scientists and clinician-scientists as well as other experts will hold TCR articles to the high-quality standards. We accept Original Articles as well as Review Articles, Editorials and Brief Articles.
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