Cu(i)-based metal–organic framework-derived core–shell composites for carbon dioxide conversion to oxazolidinones†

Abstract

Cu(i)-based catalysts have shown great potential for CO₂ conversion, though Cu(i) instability remains a significant hurdle. One promising approach is the encapsulation of Cu(i)-based nanoparticles within MOFs. This strategy not only protects the nanoparticles but also facilitates the preconcentration of substrates (e.g., CO₂) and intermediates through steric confinement effects, thereby enhancing the catalytic rate and selectivity. In this study, a surfactant-assisted self-assembly strategy was employed to fabricate a Cu₂O@ZIF-8 composite with a high specific surface area (894.84 m³ g⁻¹). The ZIF-8 shell functions as a microchemical reactor, protecting the internal Cu₂O NPs while enabling localized CO₂ enrichment and activation, enhancing substrate interactions, and facilitating efficient transport. This composite enabled a one-pot synthesis of oxazolidinones with yields exceeding 99%, along with excellent stability and recyclability. This work offers valuable insights into stabilizing Cu(i) and designing efficient MOF-based catalysts for CO₂ conversion.