Comorbidities and prescribed medications in expectant mothers attending antenatal clinic: a cross-sectional study in Windhoek, Namibia.

Abstract

Aim: The purpose of this study was to report on the prevalence of hypertension and anaemia, and types of medications prescribed to expectant mothers attending antenatal clinics at Intermediate Hospital Katutura in Windhoek, Namibia.

Background: Millennium Development Goals 4 and 5 speak to reduction of child mortality and improvement of maternal health by 2015, respectively. Gestational hypertension is a major contributor to maternal and perinatal mortality and is reported to affect up to 10% of women world-wide. Prevalence of anaemia among pregnant women is reported higher in low- and middle-income countries than in developed countries.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study involving the review of outpatient and clinic health records for patients attending antenatal clinics at Intermediate Hospital Katutura, Windhoek during October to November 2022. Data for patients on first antenatal clinic visit were obtained from facility antenatal clinic patient registers while that of follow-up patients were from patient health passports. All expectant mothers over 18 years of age who had provided written consent to participate, were included. Data collected were: age, body weight, haemoglobin concentration, blood pressure, gravida, number of babies delivered, pregnancy stage, comorbidities, and prescribed medications. The results were summarised using descriptive statistics. A p-value <0.05 is considered to be statistically significant.

Findings: 354 records were included: 303 (85.6%) first visit, and 51 follow-up (14.4%). There was a significant correlation between systolic blood pressure (BP) and body weight (r = 0.31, p < 0.001). 13.5% of first-time visitors had haemoglobin levels lower than the normal range (11 g/dL). Difference in haemoglobin levels between trimesters 1 and 3 were significant (p < 0.001). Methyldopa was prescribed for all hypertensive expectant mothers. To reduce the incidences of anaemia and hypertension during pregnancy, women of childbearing age should be encouraged to attend antenatal visits earlier in pregnancy and to take measures for body weight reduction, respectively.