Exosomal non-coding RNAs: gatekeepers of inflammation in autoimmune disease.

IF 4.4 3区医学 Q2 IMMUNOLOGY

Journal of Inflammation-London Pub Date : 2025-05-14 DOI:10.1186/s12950-025-00443-z

Mohamed J Saadh, Omer Qutaiba B Allela, Ali Fawzi Al-Hussainy, Lalji Baldaniya, M M Rekha, Deepak Nathiya, Parjinder Kaur, Zafar Aminov, Hayder Naji Sameer, Huda Ghassan Hameed, Zainab H Athab, Mohaned Adil

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Autoimmune diseases (AIDs) are marked by systemic inflammation and immune dysregulation, yet current therapies often fail to target their underlying causes. Emerging evidence positions exosomal non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs)-including miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs-as key regulators of inflammatory pathways, providing critical insights into AID pathogenesis. This review synthesizes recent advances in how these ncRNAs orchestrate immune cell communication, modulate inflammatory mediators, and drive microglial activation in neuroinflammatory AIDs. It evaluates their dual role as disease amplifiers (e.g., miR-155 in lupus, miR-326 in rheumatoid arthritis) and therapeutic targets, emphasizing their potential to reprogram immune responses or deliver anti-inflammatory agents. In this review, we first provide a glimpse into the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases and delve into the structure and function of exosomes, emphasizing their role in cell-cell communication. We then discuss the regulatory roles of exosomal ncRNAs in immune modulation, detailing their types, functions, and mechanisms of action. Finally, we examine the implications of exosomes and exosomal ncRNAs in the context of autoimmune diseases, with a particular focus on microglial activation and its contribution to neuroinflammation.

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外泌体非编码rna：自身免疫性疾病炎症的守门人

自身免疫性疾病（AIDs）以全身炎症和免疫失调为特征，但目前的治疗方法往往无法针对其根本原因。新出现的证据表明，外泌体非编码rna （ncRNAs）——包括miRNAs、lncRNAs和circrnas——是炎症通路的关键调节因子，为aids的发病机制提供了重要的见解。本文综述了这些ncrna在神经炎性辅助中如何协调免疫细胞通讯、调节炎症介质和驱动小胶质细胞激活方面的最新进展。它评估了它们作为疾病放大器（例如，狼疮中的miR-155，类风湿关节炎中的miR-326）和治疗靶点的双重作用，强调了它们重编程免疫反应或传递抗炎剂的潜力。在这篇综述中，我们首先介绍了自身免疫性疾病的发病机制，并深入研究了外泌体的结构和功能，强调了它们在细胞-细胞通讯中的作用。然后，我们讨论了外泌体ncrna在免疫调节中的调节作用，详细介绍了它们的类型、功能和作用机制。最后，我们研究了外泌体和外泌体ncRNAs在自身免疫性疾病中的意义，特别关注小胶质细胞激活及其对神经炎症的贡献。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Journal of Inflammation-London IMMUNOLOGY-

CiteScore

7.90

自引率

0.00%

发文量

审稿时长

>12 weeks

期刊介绍： Journal of Inflammation welcomes research submissions on all aspects of inflammation. The five classical symptoms of inflammation, namely redness (rubor), swelling (tumour), heat (calor), pain (dolor) and loss of function (functio laesa), are only part of the story. The term inflammation is taken to include the full range of underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms involved, not only in the production of the inflammatory responses but, more importantly in clinical terms, in the healing process as well. Thus the journal covers molecular, cellular, animal and clinical studies, and related aspects of pharmacology, such as anti-inflammatory drug development, trials and therapeutic developments. It also considers publication of negative findings. Journal of Inflammation aims to become the leading online journal on inflammation and, as online journals replace printed ones over the next decade, the main open access inflammation journal. Open access guarantees a larger audience, and thus impact, than any restricted access equivalent, and increasingly so, as the escalating costs of printed journals puts them outside University budgets. The unrestricted access to research findings in inflammation aids in promoting dynamic and productive dialogue between industrial and academic members of the inflammation research community, which plays such an important part in the development of future generations of anti-inflammatory therapies.