Nina A Khristenko, Konstantin O Nagornov, Camille Garcia, Natalia Gasilova, Megan Gant, Karen Druart, Anton N Kozhinov, Laure Menin, Julia Chamot-Rooke, Yury O Tsybin
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
Therapeutic antibodies, primarily immunoglobulin G-based monoclonal antibodies, are developed to treat cancer, autoimmune disorders, and infectious diseases. Their large size, structural complexity, and heterogeneity pose significant analytical challenges, requiring the use of advanced characterization techniques. This review traces the 30-year evolution of top-down (TD) and middle-down (MD) mass spectrometry (MS) for antibody analysis, beginning with their initial applications and highlighting key advances and challenges throughout this period. TD MS allows for the analysis of intact antibodies, and MD MS performs analysis of the antibody subunits, even in complex biological samples. Both approaches preserve critical quality attributes such as sequence integrity, post-translational modifications (PTMs), disulfide bonds, and glycosylation patterns. Key milestones in TD and MD MS of antibodies include the use of structure-specific enzymes for subunit generation, the implementation of high-resolution mass spectrometers, and the adoption of non-ergodic ion activation methods such as electron transfer dissociation (ETD), electron capture dissociation (ECD), ultraviolet photodissociation (UVPD), and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization in-source decay (MALDI-ISD). The combination of complementary dissociation methods and the use of consecutive ion activation approaches has further enhanced TD/MD MS performance. The current TD MS record of antibody sequencing with terminal product ions is about 60% sequence coverage obtained using the activated ion-ETD approach on a high-resolution MS platform. Current MD MS analyses with about 95% sequence coverage were achieved using combinations of ion activation and dissociation techniques. The review explores TD and MD MS analysis of novel mAb modalities, including antibody-drug conjugates, bispecific antibodies, and endogenous antibodies from biofluids as well as immunoglobulin A and M-type classes. Content.
期刊介绍:
The mission of MCP is to foster the development and applications of proteomics in both basic and translational research. MCP will publish manuscripts that report significant new biological or clinical discoveries underpinned by proteomic observations across all kingdoms of life. Manuscripts must define the biological roles played by the proteins investigated or their mechanisms of action.
The journal also emphasizes articles that describe innovative new computational methods and technological advancements that will enable future discoveries. Manuscripts describing such approaches do not have to include a solution to a biological problem, but must demonstrate that the technology works as described, is reproducible and is appropriate to uncover yet unknown protein/proteome function or properties using relevant model systems or publicly available data.
Scope:
-Fundamental studies in biology, including integrative "omics" studies, that provide mechanistic insights
-Novel experimental and computational technologies
-Proteogenomic data integration and analysis that enable greater understanding of physiology and disease processes
-Pathway and network analyses of signaling that focus on the roles of post-translational modifications
-Studies of proteome dynamics and quality controls, and their roles in disease
-Studies of evolutionary processes effecting proteome dynamics, quality and regulation
-Chemical proteomics, including mechanisms of drug action
-Proteomics of the immune system and antigen presentation/recognition
-Microbiome proteomics, host-microbe and host-pathogen interactions, and their roles in health and disease
-Clinical and translational studies of human diseases
-Metabolomics to understand functional connections between genes, proteins and phenotypes