Top-Down and Middle-Down Mass Spectrometry of Antibodies.

IF 6.1 2区 生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMICAL RESEARCH METHODS
Nina A Khristenko, Konstantin O Nagornov, Camille Garcia, Natalia Gasilova, Megan Gant, Karen Druart, Anton N Kozhinov, Laure Menin, Julia Chamot-Rooke, Yury O Tsybin
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Therapeutic antibodies, primarily immunoglobulin G-based monoclonal antibodies, are developed to treat cancer, autoimmune disorders, and infectious diseases. Their large size, structural complexity, and heterogeneity pose significant analytical challenges, requiring the use of advanced characterization techniques. This review traces the 30-year evolution of top-down (TD) and middle-down (MD) mass spectrometry (MS) for antibody analysis, beginning with their initial applications and highlighting key advances and challenges throughout this period. TD MS allows for the analysis of intact antibodies, and MD MS performs analysis of the antibody subunits, even in complex biological samples. Both approaches preserve critical quality attributes such as sequence integrity, post-translational modifications (PTMs), disulfide bonds, and glycosylation patterns. Key milestones in TD and MD MS of antibodies include the use of structure-specific enzymes for subunit generation, the implementation of high-resolution mass spectrometers, and the adoption of non-ergodic ion activation methods such as electron transfer dissociation (ETD), electron capture dissociation (ECD), ultraviolet photodissociation (UVPD), and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization in-source decay (MALDI-ISD). The combination of complementary dissociation methods and the use of consecutive ion activation approaches has further enhanced TD/MD MS performance. The current TD MS record of antibody sequencing with terminal product ions is about 60% sequence coverage obtained using the activated ion-ETD approach on a high-resolution MS platform. Current MD MS analyses with about 95% sequence coverage were achieved using combinations of ion activation and dissociation techniques. The review explores TD and MD MS analysis of novel mAb modalities, including antibody-drug conjugates, bispecific antibodies, and endogenous antibodies from biofluids as well as immunoglobulin A and M-type classes. Content.

抗体自顶向下和中向下质谱分析。
治疗性抗体,主要是基于免疫球蛋白g的单克隆抗体,被开发用于治疗癌症、自身免疫性疾病和传染病。它们的大尺寸、结构复杂性和异质性构成了重大的分析挑战,需要使用先进的表征技术。本文回顾了抗体分析中自上而下(TD)和中向下(MD)质谱法(MS)的30年发展历程,从它们最初的应用开始,重点介绍了这一时期的主要进展和挑战。TD质谱可以分析完整的抗体,而MD质谱可以分析抗体亚基,甚至在复杂的生物样品中。这两种方法都保留了关键的质量属性,如序列完整性、翻译后修饰(PTMs)、二硫键和糖基化模式。抗体TD和MD MS的关键里程碑包括使用结构特异性酶生成亚基,高分辨率质谱仪的实施,以及采用非历次离子激活方法,如电子转移解离(ETD),电子捕获解离(ECD),紫外线光解离(UVPD)和基质辅助激光解吸/电离源内衰变(MALDI-ISD)。互补解离方法和连续离子活化方法的结合进一步提高了TD/MD MS的性能。目前,在高分辨率的质谱平台上,使用活化离子- etd方法获得的末端产物离子抗体测序的TD MS记录约为60%的序列覆盖率。目前的MD MS分析大约95%的序列覆盖率是通过离子激活和解离技术的组合来实现的。这篇综述探讨了新型单抗的TD和MD质谱分析,包括抗体-药物偶联物、双特异性抗体、来自生物体液的内源性抗体以及免疫球蛋白A和m型。内容。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Molecular & Cellular Proteomics
Molecular & Cellular Proteomics 生物-生化研究方法
CiteScore
11.50
自引率
4.30%
发文量
131
审稿时长
84 days
期刊介绍: The mission of MCP is to foster the development and applications of proteomics in both basic and translational research. MCP will publish manuscripts that report significant new biological or clinical discoveries underpinned by proteomic observations across all kingdoms of life. Manuscripts must define the biological roles played by the proteins investigated or their mechanisms of action. The journal also emphasizes articles that describe innovative new computational methods and technological advancements that will enable future discoveries. Manuscripts describing such approaches do not have to include a solution to a biological problem, but must demonstrate that the technology works as described, is reproducible and is appropriate to uncover yet unknown protein/proteome function or properties using relevant model systems or publicly available data. Scope: -Fundamental studies in biology, including integrative "omics" studies, that provide mechanistic insights -Novel experimental and computational technologies -Proteogenomic data integration and analysis that enable greater understanding of physiology and disease processes -Pathway and network analyses of signaling that focus on the roles of post-translational modifications -Studies of proteome dynamics and quality controls, and their roles in disease -Studies of evolutionary processes effecting proteome dynamics, quality and regulation -Chemical proteomics, including mechanisms of drug action -Proteomics of the immune system and antigen presentation/recognition -Microbiome proteomics, host-microbe and host-pathogen interactions, and their roles in health and disease -Clinical and translational studies of human diseases -Metabolomics to understand functional connections between genes, proteins and phenotypes
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