Fabricating the polysaccharides-based Micro-particles co-encapsulating the hydrophilic-hydrophobic vitamins (B9 and D3) using spray-dried pickering double emulsions: Assessment of multilayered microcapsules structure, retention stability, encapsulation efficiency, and in vitro release

IF 5.3 2区化学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Journal of Molecular Liquids Pub Date : 2025-05-09 DOI:10.1016/j.molliq.2025.127753

Rabia Ramzan , Zafarullah Muhammad , Nazia Khalid , Zhenglian Xue , Fahao Shi , Aysha Sameen , Yaqin Dong , Song Li , Ana Chen

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Vitamin B₉ and D₃ deficiencies are becoming the primary concern worldwide due to poor bioavailability. Both vitamins exhibit sensitivity towards storage and processing conditions, which limit their use to develop functional products. This study developed co-encapsulation of Vit. B₉ and D₃ solid microcapsules using W₁-O-W₂ multiple Pickering emulsions, followed by spray drying. The study examined the effects of four polysaccharide-based gels (PBGs) calcium alginate, carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, and guar gum—used as co-encapsulants for microcapsules. Key parameters analyzed included structural characteristics, encapsulation efficiency (EE), retention stability, and gastrointestinal simulation release of the microparticles. The electrical bonding of Vit. B₉ with chitosan in W₁ and multilayering capsule in emulsion caused the high encapsulation efficiency (92.4 ± 0.6 %) and Vit. D₃ 82.4 ± 0.1 %). Furthermore, adding PBGs into the outer aqueous phase improved the particle integrity (size 10–100 µm) and enhanced the retention efficiency (60.2 ± 1.5–73.4 ± 1.2 % (B₉), 76.4 ± 2.5–88.1 ± 1.5 % (D₃)) and EE of vitamins. Structural analysis, i.e., optical microscopy, XRD, and FTIR of dried microcapsules, demonstrated the successful entrapment of vitamins and in vitro control release of Vit. B₉ and D₃ mechanisms are conferring the protectiveness of W₁-O-W₂ against the gastrointestinal environment. The formulation comprising carboxymethylcellulose displayed a controlled release of vitamins under simulated gastric conditions (SS, SGJ) and the highest cumulative release (40.8 ± 1.3 % D₃ and 51.1 ± 1.6 % B₉) under simulated intestinal conditions (SIJ), with higher stability (55.8 ± 1.7 %Vit D₃ and 69.8 ± 2.0 % Vit B₉) at 25 °C up to 8 weeks. This study demonstrates that employing W₁-O-W₂ in conjunction with a spray drying technique for co-encapsulating lipophilic and hydrophilic components using PBGs as co-encapsulants may improve the physicochemical stability and bioavailability of the encapsulated entities.

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喷雾干燥酸洗双乳剂制备亲疏水维生素B9和D3共包封的多糖微胶囊：多层微胶囊结构、保留稳定性、包封效率和体外释放度评价

由于生物利用度差，维生素B9和D3缺乏正在成为全世界关注的主要问题。这两种维生素对储存和加工条件都很敏感，这限制了它们用于开发功能性产品。本研究开发了Vit的共包封。B9和D3固体微胶囊采用W1-O-W2复合皮克林乳剂，然后喷雾干燥。该研究考察了四种多糖基凝胶（PBGs）海藻酸钙、羧甲基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素和瓜尔胶作为微胶囊的共包封剂的效果。分析的关键参数包括结构特性、包封效率（EE）、保留稳定性和胃肠道模拟释放。Vit的电键合。B9在W1中加入壳聚糖，在乳液中加入多层胶囊，获得了较高的包封率（92.4±0.6%）和Vit。D3 82.4±0.1%)。此外，外水相中添加PBGs改善了颗粒完整性（粒径10-100µm），提高了维生素的保留率(60.2±1.5 - 73.4±1.2% （B9), 76.4±2.5-88.1±1.5% (D3)）和EE。干燥微胶囊的结构分析，即光学显微镜，XRD和FTIR，证明了维生素的成功包裹和体外控制释放。B9和D3机制赋予W1-O-W2对胃肠道环境的保护作用。含有羧甲基纤维素的制剂在模拟胃条件下（SS， SGJ）显示出维生素的控释，在模拟肠条件（SIJ）下最高的累积释放量（40.8±1.3% D3和51.1±1.6% B9），在25°C下长达8周的稳定性更高（55.8±1.7% Vit D3和69.8±2.0% Vit B9）。本研究表明，将W1-O-W2与喷雾干燥技术相结合，以PBGs作为共包封剂，对亲脂性和亲水性成分进行共包封，可以提高被包封实体的物理化学稳定性和生物利用度。

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来源期刊

Journal of Molecular Liquids 化学-物理：原子、分子和化学物理

CiteScore

10.30

自引率

16.70%

发文量

2597

审稿时长

78 days

期刊介绍： The journal includes papers in the following areas: – Simple organic liquids and mixtures – Ionic liquids – Surfactant solutions (including micelles and vesicles) and liquid interfaces – Colloidal solutions and nanoparticles – Thermotropic and lyotropic liquid crystals – Ferrofluids – Water, aqueous solutions and other hydrogen-bonded liquids – Lubricants, polymer solutions and melts – Molten metals and salts – Phase transitions and critical phenomena in liquids and confined fluids – Self assembly in complex liquids.– Biomolecules in solution The emphasis is on the molecular (or microscopic) understanding of particular liquids or liquid systems, especially concerning structure, dynamics and intermolecular forces. The experimental techniques used may include: – Conventional spectroscopy (mid-IR and far-IR, Raman, NMR, etc.) – Non-linear optics and time resolved spectroscopy (psec, fsec, asec, ISRS, etc.) – Light scattering (Rayleigh, Brillouin, PCS, etc.) – Dielectric relaxation – X-ray and neutron scattering and diffraction. Experimental studies, computer simulations (MD or MC) and analytical theory will be considered for publication; papers just reporting experimental results that do not contribute to the understanding of the fundamentals of molecular and ionic liquids will not be accepted. Only papers of a non-routine nature and advancing the field will be considered for publication.