IMPPY3D: Image Processing in Python for 3D Image Stacks.

Newell H Moser, Alexander K Landauer, Orion L Kafka
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Abstract

Image Processing in Python for 3D image stacks, or IMPPY3D, is a free and open-source software (FOSS) repository that simplifies post-processing and 3D shape characterization for grayscale image stacks, otherwise known as volumetric images, 3D images, or voxel models. While IMPPY3D, pronounced impee-three-dee, was originally created for post-processing image stacks generated from X-ray computed tomography (XCT) measurements, it can be applied generally in post-processing 2D and 3D images. IMPPY3D includes tools for segmenting volumetric images and characterizing the 3D shape of features or regions of interest. These functionalities have proven useful in 3D shape analysis of powder particles, porous polymers, concrete aggregates, internal pores/defects, and more (see the Research Applications section). IMPPY3D consists of a combination of original Python scripts, Cython extensions, and convenience wrappers for popular third-party libraries like SciKit-Image (Walt et al., 2014), OpenCV (Bradski, 2000), and PyVista (Sullivan & Kaszynski, 2019). Highlighted capabilities of IMPPY3D include: varying image processing parameters interactively, applying numerous 2D/3D image filters (e.g., blurring/sharpening, denoising, erosion/dilation), segmenting and labeling continuous 3D objects, precisely rotating and re-slicing an image stack in 3D, generating rotated bounding boxes fitted to voxelized features, converting image stacks into 3D voxel models, exporting 3D models as Visualization Toolkik (VTK) files for ParaView (Ayachit, 2015), and converting voxel models into smooth mesh-based models. Additional information and example scripts can be found in the included ReadMe files within the IMPPY3D GitHub repository (Moser, Landauer, et al., 2024). As a visualized example, Figure 1 demonstrates the high-level steps to characterize powder particles using IMPPY3D. This workflow is also similar to how pores can be visualized and characterized in metal-based additive manufacturing. Additional research applications for IMPPY3D are discussed in a later section.

IMPPY3D:用于3D图像堆栈的Python图像处理。
用于3D图像堆栈的Python图像处理(IMPPY3D)是一个免费的开源软件(FOSS)存储库,它简化了灰度图像堆栈的后处理和3D形状表征,也称为体积图像,3D图像或体素模型。虽然IMPPY3D最初是为x射线计算机断层扫描(XCT)测量产生的图像堆栈的后处理而创建的,但它可以广泛应用于后处理2D和3D图像。IMPPY3D包括分割体积图像和表征感兴趣的特征或区域的3D形状的工具。这些功能已被证明可用于粉末颗粒、多孔聚合物、混凝土骨料、内部孔隙/缺陷等的3D形状分析(参见研究应用部分)。IMPPY3D由原始Python脚本、Cython扩展和方便包装器组成,适用于流行的第三方库,如SciKit-Image (Walt et al., 2014)、OpenCV (Bradski, 2000)和PyVista (Sullivan & Kaszynski, 2019)。IMPPY3D的突出功能包括:交互式地改变图像处理参数,应用大量2D/3D图像过滤器(例如,模糊/锐化,去噪,侵蚀/膨胀),分割和标记连续的3D对象,在3D中精确旋转和重新切片图像堆栈,生成适合体素化特征的旋转边界框,将图像堆栈转换为3D体素模型,将3D模型导出为visualtoolkik (VTK)文件用于ParaView (Ayachit, 2015)。将体素模型转换为平滑的基于网格的模型。其他信息和示例脚本可以在IMPPY3D GitHub存储库中包含的ReadMe文件中找到(Moser, Landauer, et al., 2024)。作为一个可视化示例,图1演示了使用IMPPY3D表征粉末颗粒的高级步骤。该工作流程也类似于如何在金属基增材制造中可视化和表征孔隙。IMPPY3D的其他研究应用将在后面的章节中讨论。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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