Reference Values for Hydration Biomarkers: Optimizing Athletic Performance and Recovery.

IF 1.3 Q3 SPORT SCIENCES
Open Access Journal of Sports Medicine Pub Date : 2025-04-07 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI:10.2147/OAJSM.S508656
Lawrence E Armstrong, Rebecca L Stearns, Robert A Huggins, Yasuki Sekiguchi, April J Mershon, Douglas J Casa
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The negative effects of dehydration or overhydration on exercise performance and health are widely recognized. However, the interindividual variability of fluid imbalances among athletes and across various sports is large, due to the complex interactions of physiological, environmental, and sport-specific factors. Such complexity not only makes it difficult to predict fluid needs prior to competition or training sessions, but also supports the creation of an individualized hydration plan (IHP) for each athlete. Measurements of valid, field-expedient biomarkers such as body mass change, urine concentration, and thirst enable ongoing monitoring of an athlete's hydration state and are integral components of an IHP. Unfortunately, no extensive repository of sport-relevant hydration biomarker data exists. Therefore, this narrative review presents a novel inventory of pre- and post-exercise reference values for body mass change, urine specific gravity, and subjective rating of thirst. These reference values were identified via electronic database searches that discovered field studies of competitive events, weight category sports, training sessions, and routine daily activities. We propose that comparing an athlete's real-time body mass change, urine specific gravity, and thirst rating to previously published reference values will clarify the extent of dehydration or overhydration, guide rehydration efforts, and optimize subsequent exercise performance, recovery, and health.

水合生物标志物的参考值:优化运动表现和恢复。
脱水或过度水化对运动表现和健康的负面影响已得到广泛认可。然而,由于生理、环境和运动特定因素的复杂相互作用,运动员之间和各种运动之间的体液失衡的个体间变异性很大。这种复杂性不仅使得在比赛或训练之前预测液体需求变得困难,而且还支持为每个运动员创建个性化的补水计划(IHP)。测量有效的、现场适宜的生物标志物,如体重变化、尿液浓度和口渴,可以持续监测运动员的水合状态,是IHP的组成部分。不幸的是,目前还没有大量与运动相关的水合作用生物标志物数据。因此,这篇叙述性综述提出了一种新的运动前和运动后参考值的清单,包括体重变化、尿液比重和口渴的主观评分。这些参考值是通过电子数据库搜索确定的,这些数据库搜索发现了对竞赛项目、体重类别运动、训练课程和日常活动的实地研究。我们建议,将运动员的实时体重变化、尿液比重和口渴等级与先前公布的参考值进行比较,将澄清脱水或过度水化的程度,指导补液工作,并优化随后的运动表现、恢复和健康。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
4.80
自引率
0.00%
发文量
13
审稿时长
16 weeks
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