Development and Evaluation of a Multifaceted Intervention Program for Preventing Medication Administration Errors by Nurses.

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to develop and evaluate a multifaceted intervention program based on the Systems Engineering Initiatives for Patient Safety (SEIPS) model to prevent medication administration errors (MAEs) by nurses in an adult general ward of a comprehensive hospital in Seoul, South Korea.

Methods: The program was developed using the Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation (ADDIE) model with a 3-round Delphi survey conducted with 16 experts. Strategies were categorized under the SEIPS model and finalized into a program with 9 domains and 21 interventions. A pretest-posttest design with 73 nurses (36 experimental, 37 control) evaluated the program's effectiveness in a tertiary care hospital in Seoul, South Korea. Surveys on patient safety culture, medication safety practices, and error rates were analyzed before and after a 3-month intervention using double-difference and time-series methods.

Results: The DID analysis demonstrated significant improvements in patient safety culture perception (0.42, P <0.001) and medication safety compliance (0.53, P <0.001), with large effect sizes ( d =1.07 and d =1.41, respectively). However, changes in self-reported medication error rates between groups were not statistically significant ( P =0.555), likely due to the short intervention period.

Conclusion: The program improved patient safety awareness and medication safety compliance, validating its approach. This study highlights the importance of theoretically based interventions and suggests shifting from solely nurse education to addressing systemic issues for medication safety.