Advancing MRD Detection in Multiple Myeloma: Technologies, Applications, and Future Perspectives.

Abstract

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant hematologic tumor of plasma cells that presents significant challenges in treatment and management. Despite the advent of novel therapies in recent years, which have improved patient outcomes, complete eradication of the disease remains an elusive goal. This underscores the critical need for in-depth research and ongoing innovation to tackle MM. Minimal residual disease (MRD) detection has emerged as a vital tool for evaluating treatment efficacy and predicting prognosis in MM patients, garnering extensive attention and application in recent years. This paper provides a comprehensive review of recent advancements in major MRD detection methods for MM patients, including multiparametric flow cytometry (MFC), allele-specific oligonucleotide real-time quantitative PCR (ASO-qPCR), and next-generation sequencing (NGS). It delves into the clinical applications of MRD detection, anticipates future developments, and offers valuable insights for improving diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Through persistent research and innovation, we hope to bring better therapeutic prospects to MM patients.