Gender Differences in Quit Rates in a Tobacco Cessation Program: In Search of Demographic, Socioeconomic, Health, or Behavioral Explanatory Mechanisms.

Journal of biomedical and life sciences Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-09 DOI:10.31586/jbls.2025.6017
Payam Sheikhattari, Rifath Ara Alam Barsha, Shervin Assari
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Abstract

Background: Women have consistently shown lower quit rates in tobacco cessation programs compared to men. This gender disparity persists despite comprehensive interventions and access to cessation resources. While prior studies suggest that factors such as social support, chronic disease burden, and socioeconomic status may contribute to these differences, there is limited empirical evidence to confirm these mechanisms.

Aims: This study aimed to investigate potential mechanisms underlying gender differences in quit rates in a tobacco cessation program, testing whether demographic, socioeconomic, health, or behavioral factors explain the observed disparities.

Methods: Participants were assigned to one of three smoking cessation interventions: an in-person program (CEASE), a self-help approach, or an online/hybrid program. The main outcome measured was smoking abstinence, evaluated three months after the intervention. Secondary analyses explored whether demographic, socioeconomic, health, or tobacco use-related factors mediated the association between gender and quit rates.

Results: Women had significantly lower quit rates than men (p < 0.01). This association remained significant after adjusting for demographic, socioeconomic, health, and addiction-related factors. While women reported higher social support and a higher prevalence of chronic cardiometabolic conditions, these factors did not explain the gender disparity in quit rates.

Conclusions: Gender differences in quit rates persist despite controlling for known factors that could influence cessation success. Although women had higher social support, they had lower quit rate. Future research should explore unmeasured variables, such as psychological, biological, and structural influences, to develop more effective cessation strategies tailored for women.

戒烟计划中戒烟率的性别差异:寻找人口统计学、社会经济、健康或行为解释机制。
背景:与男性相比,女性在戒烟项目中的戒烟率一直较低。尽管有全面的干预措施和获得戒烟资源,这种性别差异仍然存在。虽然先前的研究表明,社会支持、慢性病负担和社会经济地位等因素可能导致这些差异,但证实这些机制的经验证据有限。目的:本研究旨在调查戒烟项目中戒烟率性别差异的潜在机制,测试人口统计学、社会经济、健康或行为因素是否可以解释观察到的差异。方法:参与者被分配到三种戒烟干预措施中的一种:面对面计划(CEASE),自助方法或在线/混合计划。测量的主要结果是戒烟,在干预后三个月评估。二次分析探讨了人口统计学、社会经济、健康或烟草使用相关因素是否介导了性别和戒烟率之间的关联。结果:女性戒烟率明显低于男性(p < 0.01)。在调整了人口、社会经济、健康和成瘾相关因素后,这种关联仍然显著。虽然女性报告有更高的社会支持和更高的慢性心脏代谢疾病患病率,但这些因素并不能解释戒烟率的性别差异。结论:尽管控制了可能影响戒烟成功的已知因素,但戒烟率的性别差异仍然存在。虽然女性有较高的社会支持,但她们的戒烟率较低。未来的研究应该探索无法测量的变量,如心理、生物和结构影响,以制定更有效的女性戒烟策略。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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