Phages indirectly maintain tomato plant pathogen defense through regulation of the commensal microbiome.

IF 5.1 Q1 ECOLOGY
ISME communications Pub Date : 2025-04-18 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI:10.1093/ismeco/ycaf065
Reena Debray, Asa Conover, Britt Koskella
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Abstract

As parasites of bacteria, phages can regulate microbiome diversity and composition and may therefore affect susceptibility to pathogens and disease. Many infectious diseases are associated with altered bacteriophage communities, but observational studies alone do not allow us to determine when altered phage community composition is a contributor to disease risk, a response to infection, or simply an indicator of dysbiosis. To address this question directly, we used size-selective filtration to deplete plant-associated microbial communities of phages, then challenged plants with the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae. Plants with phage-depleted microbiomes were more susceptible to infection, an effect that could not be explained by direct effects of the phage communities on either P. syringae or the plant host. Moreover, the presence of phages was most impactful when the phage communities were isolated from neighboring field locations rather than from the same host plant as the bacteria, possibly suggesting that moderate rates of lysis maintain a community structure that is most resistant to pathogen invasion. Overall, our results support the idea that phage communities contribute to plant defenses by modulating the microbiome.

噬菌体通过调节共生微生物群间接维持番茄植株的病原体防御。
作为细菌的寄生虫,噬菌体可以调节微生物组的多样性和组成,因此可能影响对病原体和疾病的易感性。许多传染病都与噬菌体群落的改变有关,但观察性研究本身并不能使我们确定噬菌体群落组成的改变是疾病风险的一个因素,是对感染的一种反应,还是仅仅是生态失调的一个指标。为了直接解决这个问题,我们使用尺寸选择性过滤来消耗植物相关的噬菌体微生物群落,然后用细菌病原体丁香假单胞菌挑战植物。缺乏噬菌体微生物组的植物更容易受到感染,这种影响不能用噬菌体群落对丁香假单胞菌或植物宿主的直接影响来解释。此外,当噬菌体群落从邻近的田间地点分离出来而不是从与细菌相同的寄主植物中分离出来时,噬菌体的存在是最具影响力的,这可能表明适度的裂解速率维持了最能抵抗病原体入侵的群落结构。总的来说,我们的研究结果支持噬菌体群落通过调节微生物组来促进植物防御的观点。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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