Neurophysiological signatures of ageing: compensatory and compromised neural mechanisms.

IF 4.1 Q1 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY
Brain communications Pub Date : 2025-04-04 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI:10.1093/braincomms/fcaf131
Kamalini G Ranasinghe, Kiwamu Kudo, Kaitlin Casaletto, Julio C Rojas-Martinez, Faatimah Syed, Keith Vossel, Bruce L Miller, Gil D Rabinovici, Joel H Kramer, Katherine P Rankin, Srikantan S Nagarajan
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Abstract

Spatiotemporal patterns of neural oscillations change with ageing, even in the cognitively unimpaired individual. Whether these neurophysiological changes represent ageing-related vulnerabilities or mechanisms that support cognitive resilience remains largely unknown. In this study, we used magnetoencephalography imaging to examine age-related changes of resting-state whole-brain neurophysiology in a well-characterized cohort of cognitively unimpaired individuals (n = 70; age range 52-87 years). We quantified spatial patterns of age-related changes in band-limited spectral power within delta-theta (2-7 Hz), alpha (8-12 Hz) and beta (13-30 Hz) bands and the spectral aperiodic slope (15-50 Hz), and examined how spectral changes are associated with cognitive abilities in healthy ageing. In a subset of individuals (n = 40) who were evaluated with a uniform battery of cognitive tests, using a partial least square regression approach, we examined the associations between age-related spectral changes and cognitive performance. We found that, with advancing age, delta-theta and beta spectral power reduces, while alpha spectral power increases. A periodic slope also showed reductions with ageing. Better cognitive scores were positively correlated with delta-theta reductions and alpha power increases associated with ageing, suggesting that these may represent compensatory neural mechanisms. Beta power reductions and spectral aperiodic slope changes, in contrast, correlated negatively with higher cognitive scores, suggesting that these may represent compromised neural mechanisms of ageing. Our findings highlighted that the neurophysiological changes that occur during later decades of life were distinct from the previously known lifespan changes. This study demonstrates the trajectories of neurophysiological changes in cognitive ageing explicitly relating to conserved and impaired neural mechanisms with important implications for identifying specific spectral changes in neurodegenerative processes in the context of ageing.

衰老的神经生理特征:代偿性和受损的神经机制。
神经振荡的时空模式随着年龄的增长而改变,即使在认知未受损的个体中也是如此。这些神经生理变化是否代表了与衰老相关的脆弱性或支持认知弹性的机制,在很大程度上仍然未知。在这项研究中,我们使用脑磁成像检查了一组特征明确的认知功能未受损个体(n = 70;年龄52-87岁)。我们量化了delta-theta (2-7 Hz)、alpha (8-12 Hz)和beta (13-30 Hz)波段频谱功率和频谱非周期斜率(15-50 Hz)的年龄相关变化的空间格局,并研究了频谱变化与健康老龄化认知能力的关系。在一组个体(n = 40)中,我们使用偏最小二乘回归方法对统一的认知测试进行评估,研究了与年龄相关的光谱变化与认知表现之间的关系。我们发现,随着年龄的增长,δ - θ和β谱功率降低,而α谱功率增加。周期性斜率也随着年龄的增长而减少。较好的认知得分与δ - θ减少和α功率增加呈正相关,这与衰老有关,表明这些可能代表代偿性神经机制。相反,β能量降低和频谱非周期斜率变化与较高的认知得分呈负相关,表明这些可能代表衰老的神经机制受损。我们的研究结果强调,发生在生命后期几十年的神经生理变化与之前已知的寿命变化不同。本研究表明认知衰老中神经生理变化的轨迹与保守和受损的神经机制明确相关,对识别衰老背景下神经退行性过程的特定光谱变化具有重要意义。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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CiteScore
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