Identifying pharmacy gaps: a spatiotemporal study of multimodal accessibility throughout the day.

IF 3 2区 医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH
Cláudia M Viana, Luis Encalada-Abarca, Jorge Rocha, David S Vale
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: Accessibility to community pharmacies is crucial for ensuring timely access to medications and essential health services. While accessibility to community pharmacies is critical, disparities driven by temporal and spatial factors persist, resulting in inequities in healthcare access. This study aims to comprehensively assess spatiotemporal and multimodal accessibility to community pharmacies in Lisbon, highlighting the influence of transport modes and time of day on accessibility disparities.

Data and methods: The study employed a methodology that considered five daily time slots and two modes of transport-walking and public transport-to evaluate accessibility to community pharmacies. Data was sourced from road and pedestrian networks, Google API, and GTFS data. Descriptive statistics and spatial analysis were utilized to assess travel time and accessibility disparities across different regions of Lisbon. The analysis focused on both the percentage of residents able to access pharmacies within 10 min and the total number of pharmacies accessible.

Results: ndings reveal significant temporal variations in accessibility, with public transport consistently improving access compared to walking. Accessibility peaks in the evening (6-7 PM), when 83.3% of residential buildings are within a 10-min walking distance of a pharmacy, and 92.7% are reachable by public transport. In contrast, early morning hours (4-5 AM) show the lowest accessibility, with only 8.9% of buildings accessible by walking and 16.1% by public transport. During the daytime (8-9 AM), notable disparities emerge across the city: public transport enhances access in the southwest, northwest, and central areas, while limited pharmacy opening hours constrain accessibility in the north and southeast, where only 108 of 258 pharmacies are operational. Finally, travel time to pharmacy services for city residents highlight significant spatial and temporal disparities in pharmacy accessibility, emphasizing the role of transport modes and service hours in shaping urban healthcare access.

Conclusions: This study underscores the importance of addressing both temporal and spatial factors to ensure equitable accessibility to community pharmacies. The findings suggest the need for targeted policies to improve public transport services during off-peak hours and to extend pharmacy operating hours. Future research should focus on comparative studies across different urban contexts and incorporate more granular data to better understand accessibility to urban services.

识别药房差距:全天多模式可达性的时空研究。
背景:社区药房的可及性对于确保及时获得药物和基本卫生服务至关重要。虽然社区药房的可及性至关重要,但受时间和空间因素驱动的差异仍然存在,导致医疗保健可及性方面的不平等。本研究旨在综合评估里斯本社区药房的时空和多式联运可达性,突出交通方式和时间对可达性差异的影响。数据和方法:该研究采用了一种方法,考虑了每天五个时间段和两种交通方式——步行和公共交通——来评估社区药房的可及性。数据来源于道路和行人网络、谷歌API和GTFS数据。使用描述性统计和空间分析来评估里斯本不同地区的旅行时间和可达性差异。分析的重点是能够在10分钟内到达药店的居民百分比和可到达的药店总数。结果:研究结果揭示了可达性的显著时间差异,与步行相比,公共交通不断改善可达性。可达性在傍晚(6-7点)达到高峰,此时83.3%的居民楼与药店的步行距离在10分钟以内,92.7%的居民楼可乘坐公共交通到达药店。相比之下,清晨(4-5 AM)的可达性最低,只有8.9%的建筑物可步行,16.1%的建筑物可乘坐公共交通工具。在白天(上午8点至9点),整个城市出现了显著的差异:公共交通增强了西南、西北和中部地区的可达性,而有限的药店开放时间限制了北部和东南部的可达性,258家药店中只有108家在营业。最后,城市居民到药店服务的出行时间突出了药房可达性的显著时空差异,强调了交通方式和服务时间在塑造城市医疗保健可及性中的作用。结论:本研究强调了解决时间和空间因素的重要性,以确保公平可及的社区药房。研究结果表明,需要有针对性的政策来改善非高峰时段的公共交通服务,并延长药房的营业时间。未来的研究应侧重于不同城市背景下的比较研究,并纳入更细致的数据,以更好地了解城市服务的可及性。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
International Journal of Health Geographics
International Journal of Health Geographics PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH -
CiteScore
10.20
自引率
2.00%
发文量
17
审稿时长
12 weeks
期刊介绍: A leader among the field, International Journal of Health Geographics is an interdisciplinary, open access journal publishing internationally significant studies of geospatial information systems and science applications in health and healthcare. With an exceptional author satisfaction rate and a quick time to first decision, the journal caters to readers across an array of healthcare disciplines globally. International Journal of Health Geographics welcomes novel studies in the health and healthcare context spanning from spatial data infrastructure and Web geospatial interoperability research, to research into real-time Geographic Information Systems (GIS)-enabled surveillance services, remote sensing applications, spatial epidemiology, spatio-temporal statistics, internet GIS and cyberspace mapping, participatory GIS and citizen sensing, geospatial big data, healthy smart cities and regions, and geospatial Internet of Things and blockchain.
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