Opportunities and challenges for plague vector control in Madagascar.

IF 3.4 2区 医学 Q1 PARASITOLOGY
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases Pub Date : 2025-05-13 eCollection Date: 2025-05-01 DOI:10.1371/journal.pntd.0013054
Annick Onimalala Raveloson, Mireille Harimalala, Beza Ramasindrazana, Romain Girod, Thomas Robert Gillespie, Diego Ayala, Adelaide Miarinjara
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Abstract

Plague is a rodent-borne disease transmitted to humans by the bite of fleas infected with the bacterium Yersinia pestis. Flea control is a key part of the overall plague management strategy. Insecticide-based strategies are designed to reduce or eliminate fleas from the environment in order to stop the disease transmission cycle during outbreaks. Many efforts have been directed toward monitoring flea susceptibility to insecticides using standardized bioassay methods recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). Several studies have reported the development of insecticide resistance in vector species across Madagascar, which could be one of the factors contributing to the re-emergence of plague in endemic foci. However, the assessment of the operational efficacy of vector control in the field has received less attention. Furthermore, the mechanisms conferring flea resistance to insecticides remain poorly explored. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of (i) the effectiveness of insecticides for flea vector control in Madagascar, (ii) longitudinal surveillance of insecticide resistance in flea vector populations across the country, and (iii) insecticide resistance mechanisms in these fleas. Current vector control methods, including WHO standard methods for assessing the susceptibility or resistance of adult fleas, are presented and discussed. In addition, we propose recommendations for future research to improve the effectiveness of vector control and insecticide resistance mitigation for more effective control of plague-vector fleas in Madagascar.

马达加斯加鼠疫病媒控制的机遇和挑战。
鼠疫是一种啮齿动物传播的疾病,通过感染鼠疫耶尔森氏菌的跳蚤叮咬传播给人类。控制跳蚤是整个鼠疫管理战略的关键部分。以杀虫剂为基础的战略旨在减少或消除环境中的跳蚤,以便在暴发期间阻止疾病传播周期。许多工作都是针对使用世界卫生组织(世卫组织)推荐的标准化生物测定方法监测跳蚤对杀虫剂的敏感性。几项研究报告了马达加斯加各地病媒物种中杀虫剂耐药性的发展,这可能是导致鼠疫在地方性疫源地重新出现的因素之一。然而,对现场病媒控制的操作效果评估却很少受到重视。此外,跳蚤对杀虫剂产生抗药性的机制仍未得到充分探讨。在本文中,我们总结了目前对以下方面的认识:(i)马达加斯加跳蚤媒介控制杀虫剂的有效性,(ii)全国跳蚤媒介种群中杀虫剂耐药性的纵向监测,以及(iii)这些跳蚤的杀虫剂抗性机制。介绍并讨论了目前的病媒控制方法,包括世卫组织评估成蚤易感性或耐药性的标准方法。此外,我们提出了未来研究的建议,以提高病媒控制的有效性和减轻杀虫剂耐药性,从而更有效地控制马达加斯加的鼠疫病媒跳蚤。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases PARASITOLOGY-TROPICAL MEDICINE
自引率
10.50%
发文量
723
期刊介绍: PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases publishes research devoted to the pathology, epidemiology, prevention, treatment and control of the neglected tropical diseases (NTDs), as well as relevant public policy. The NTDs are defined as a group of poverty-promoting chronic infectious diseases, which primarily occur in rural areas and poor urban areas of low-income and middle-income countries. Their impact on child health and development, pregnancy, and worker productivity, as well as their stigmatizing features limit economic stability. All aspects of these diseases are considered, including: Pathogenesis Clinical features Pharmacology and treatment Diagnosis Epidemiology Vector biology Vaccinology and prevention Demographic, ecological and social determinants Public health and policy aspects (including cost-effectiveness analyses).
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