{"title":"Spinal Cord Stimulation: Neuromodulation for Intraoperative Neuromonitoring Personnel.","authors":"Rohan J Kurian, Steven Falowski","doi":"10.1080/21646821.2025.2490307","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) has emerged as a transformative tool in spinal cord stimulation (SCS) and dorsal root ganglion (DRG) procedures, enabling precise lead placement under general anesthesia. It also addresses the safety aspect of placement in an asleep patient while also mitigating the challenges of traditional awake techniques. This paper outlines the protocols and benefits of IONM, with a focus on electromyography (EMG) and somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEP) for real-time guidance during thoracic, cervical, and DRG stimulator placement. It explores how IONM optimizes myotomal-to-dermatomal mapping, improves paresthesia coverage, and enhances outcomes by reducing revision rates. Additionally, the paper evaluates waveform-specific neuromodulation effects, highlighting advancements in personalized pain management through innovative stimulation paradigms and potential mechanisms of action.</p>","PeriodicalId":22816,"journal":{"name":"The Neurodiagnostic Journal","volume":" ","pages":"1-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"The Neurodiagnostic Journal","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21646821.2025.2490307","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"Health Professions","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) has emerged as a transformative tool in spinal cord stimulation (SCS) and dorsal root ganglion (DRG) procedures, enabling precise lead placement under general anesthesia. It also addresses the safety aspect of placement in an asleep patient while also mitigating the challenges of traditional awake techniques. This paper outlines the protocols and benefits of IONM, with a focus on electromyography (EMG) and somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEP) for real-time guidance during thoracic, cervical, and DRG stimulator placement. It explores how IONM optimizes myotomal-to-dermatomal mapping, improves paresthesia coverage, and enhances outcomes by reducing revision rates. Additionally, the paper evaluates waveform-specific neuromodulation effects, highlighting advancements in personalized pain management through innovative stimulation paradigms and potential mechanisms of action.
期刊介绍：
The Neurodiagnostic Journal is the official journal of ASET - The Neurodiagnostic Society. It serves as an educational resource for Neurodiagnostic professionals, a vehicle for introducing new techniques and innovative technologies in the field, patient safety and advocacy, and an avenue for sharing best practices within the Neurodiagnostic Technology profession. The journal features original articles about electroencephalography (EEG), evoked potentials (EP), intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM), nerve conduction (NC), polysomnography (PSG), autonomic testing, and long-term monitoring (LTM) in the intensive care (ICU) and epilepsy monitoring units (EMU). Subject matter also includes education, training, lab management, legislative and licensure needs, guidelines for standards of care, and the impact of our profession in healthcare and society. The journal seeks to foster ideas, commentary, and news from technologists, physicians, clinicians, managers/leaders, and professional organizations, and to introduce trends and the latest developments in the field of neurodiagnostics. Media reviews, case studies, ASET Annual Conference proceedings, review articles, and quizzes for ASET-CEUs are also published in The Neurodiagnostic Journal.
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