Defining the quality of sediment in the context of the WFD monitoring plans: metal enrichment in two catchments from the north of Portugal.

IF 2.8 3区农林科学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Journal of Soils and Sediments Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-11 DOI:10.1007/s11368-025-03963-6

Anabela R Reis, B Vieira, Marta Roboredo

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Purpose: Riverbed sediment geochemistry provides useful information regarding metal contamination. To integrate sediment quality in river monitoring, within the WFD, the report of sediment quality to water quality managers must be expeditious. This study revisits the metal enrichment concept, applied to sediments from two mountain catchments, as a useful technique in river monitoring.

Methods: Riverbed sediment samples, collected at the end of the Dry and Wet Periods (DP, WP) were analysed for Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn, and Fe in fractions < 2 mm and < 63 µm. The metal enrichment factors (EFs) were referenced to distinct background values: average shale (AS), world rivers suspended sediments (WRSS) and Geochemical Atlas of Portugal (GAP).

Results: Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn contents are higher in the fraction < 63 µm, and at DP. The ranges of variation in fraction < 63 µm are (mg kg^-1): a) River Vilariça, Cd (5-18 DP; 0.3 WP); Cu (103-341 DP; 22-218 WP); Pb -(24-55 DP; 11-42 WP); Zn (107-241 DP; 54-103 WP); b) River Vizela, -Cd (13-44 DP; 8-41 WP); Cu (267-444 DP; 18-168 WP); Pb -(44-132 DP; 20-42 WP); Zn (141-801 DP; 36-181 WP). Variations in metal contents are influenced by lithological, geomorphological, and microclimatic features, and anthropogenic pressures. EFs are higher when referenced to AS. In the River Vizela, the EFs reveal an enrichment of Cu, Pb and Zn relative to WRSS; Cd registers an enrichment relative to GAP.

Conclusion: Local/regional background, and EFs, are relevant when assessing environmental risks in freshwater systems: low EFs, when associated to natural enrichments, originate values of concern in terms of quality guidelines; high EFs may not imply risk to the fluvial environment. Using the fraction < 63 µm in river monitoring is considered adequate. In dynamic mountain streams, recent sediments and associated contaminants are retained, providing information on possible pollution sources. Identifying metals contamination (or natural enrichment) can help decision-makers to provide solutions for pollution sources.

Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11368-025-03963-6.

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在WFD监测计划的背景下确定沉积物的质量：葡萄牙北部两个集水区的金属富集。

目的：河床沉积物地球化学提供有关金属污染的有用信息。为了将沉积物质量纳入河流监测，在WFD范围内，必须迅速向水质管理人员报告沉积物质量。这项研究重新审视了金属富集的概念，应用于两个山区集水区的沉积物，作为河流监测的有用技术。方法：对干湿期（DP， WP）末采集的河床沉积物样品中Cd、Cu、Pb、Zn和Fe的含量进行分析。结果：Cd、Cu、Pb和Zn的含量在各组分中较高-1):a)维拉里帕拉河，Cd (5-18 DP；0.3 WP);Cu (103-341 DP；22 - 218 WP);Pb -(24-55 DP；11-42 WP);Zn (107-241 DP；54 - 103 WP);b)维泽拉河，-Cd (13-44 DP)；8-41 WP);Cu (267-444 DP；18 - 168 WP);Pb -(44- 132dp；20-42 WP);Zn (141-801 DP；36 - 181 WP)。金属含量的变化受岩性、地貌、小气候特征和人为压力的影响。引用AS时，EFs更高。在Vizela河中，EFs显示Cu、Pb和Zn相对WRSS富集；Cd相对于GAP是富集的。结论：在评估淡水系统的环境风险时，当地/区域背景和环境影响因子是相关的：与自然富集有关的低环境影响因子在质量准则方面产生了值得关注的价值；高电磁场并不意味着对河流环境有危险。补充信息：在线版本提供补充资料，网址：10.1007/s11368-025-03963-6。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Journal of Soils and Sediments 环境科学-土壤科学

CiteScore

7.00

自引率

5.60%

发文量

256

审稿时长

3.5 months

期刊介绍： The Journal of Soils and Sediments (JSS) is devoted to soils and sediments; it deals with contaminated, intact and disturbed soils and sediments. JSS explores both the common aspects and the differences between these two environmental compartments. Inter-linkages at the catchment scale and with the Earth’s system (inter-compartment) are an important topic in JSS. The range of research coverage includes the effects of disturbances and contamination; research, strategies and technologies for prediction, prevention, and protection; identification and characterization; treatment, remediation and reuse; risk assessment and management; creation and implementation of quality standards; international regulation and legislation.