Prehospital Gastric Lavage for the Treatment of Critically Ill Overdose or Poisonings: A Case Report.

Abstract

A 72 year-old female with past medical history that included anxiety, depression, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia was found unconscious in her bed at home by family members, surrounded by pill bottles and numerous loose baclofen tablets. Emergency medical service (EMS) was activated and responded quickly, finding an unresponsive patient with snoring respirations, clenched jaw, and foamy, bilious emesis. Vital signs included bradycardia and hypoxia. Initial attempts at basic airway management were followed by movement to a waiting ambulance, and the arrival of an EMS physician and advanced paramedic. Despite use of sodium bicarbonate and multiple doses of a vasopressor, the patient developed widening QRS complex on electrocardiogram and refractory hypotension. After rapid sequence intubation, aspiration and low-volume gastric lavage was performed with a 34 F Edlich tube, resulting in removal of visible pill fragments. Subsequently, the patient's hypotension resolved, and she was transferred to the care of the emergency department in stable condition. Gastric lavage remains clinically indicated for rare cases of recent, potentially lethal ingestions of poisons without effective antidotes, and is a standard component of emergency medicine residency training. The proliferation of EMS fellowship trained physicians suggests that this procedure should be considered an option in highly select cases, and EMS physician vehicles may consider carrying Edlich lavage tubes or similar prepackaged kits.