Primary Causes and Direct Medical Cost of Heart Failure Among Adults Admitted with Acute Decompensated Heart Failure in a Public Tertiary Hospital, Kenya.

IF 3 3区医学 Q2 CARDIAC & CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEMS

Global Heart Pub Date : 2025-05-02 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI:10.5334/gh.1426

Victor M Wauye, G Titus Ngeno, Chrispine O Oduor, Felix A Barasa

{"title":"Primary Causes and Direct Medical Cost of Heart Failure Among Adults Admitted with Acute Decompensated Heart Failure in a Public Tertiary Hospital, Kenya.","authors":"Victor M Wauye, G Titus Ngeno, Chrispine O Oduor, Felix A Barasa","doi":"10.5334/gh.1426","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Background: Heart failure (HF) is a major contributor to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Adversely impacting health outcomes in Kenya and other developing countries, data on the direct medical cost of HF hospitalization remain limited.Methods: This was a prospective study conducted at Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital. Patients with HF were identified by sequential medical chart abstraction. Primary causes were extracted from echocardiogram reports and adjudicated by a cardiologist. Direct medical cost of hospitalization was derived using activity-based and micro-costing methods, adopting payers' system perspective. Drivers of overall cost were explored using linear regression models.Results: 142 participants were consecutively recruited from September to November 2022. 51.4% were females, and the mean age was 54 (SD 20). The leading primary causes were cor pulmonale (CP), 28.9%; dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), 26.1%; rheumatic heart disease (RHD), 19.7%; hypertensive heart disease (HHD), 16.9%; ischaemic heart disease (IHD), 6.3%; and pericardial disease (PD), 2.1%. Overall direct cost of HF hospitalization was KES 11,470.94 (SD 8,289.57) [USD 93.49 (67.56)] per patient per day, with the mean length of hospital stay of 10.1 (SD 7.1). RHD incurred the highest costs, KES 15,299.08 (SD 13,196.89) [USD 124.70 (107.56)] per patient per day; IHD, KES 12,966.47 (SD 6656.49) [USD 105.68 (54.25)]; and DCM, KES 12,268.08 (SD 7,816.12) [USD 99.99 (63.71)]. The cost of medications was the leading driver, β = 0.56 (0.55 - 0.56), followed by inpatient fees, β = 0.27 (0.27 - 0.28), and laboratory investigations, β = 0.19 (0.18 - 0.19).Conclusion: Cor pulmonale, CM, RHD, and HHD were the major causes of HF. The overall direct medical cost of hospitalization was extremely expensive compared with the Kenyan average monthly household income per capita. Widespread comprehensive health insurance coverage is therefore recommended to cushion families against such catastrophic health expenditures besides public health measures aimed at addressing primary causes of HF.","PeriodicalId":56018,"journal":{"name":"Global Heart","volume":"20 1","pages":"42"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0000,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12047636/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Global Heart","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.5334/gh.1426","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2025/1/1 0:00:00","PubModel":"eCollection","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"CARDIAC & CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEMS","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: Heart failure (HF) is a major contributor to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Adversely impacting health outcomes in Kenya and other developing countries, data on the direct medical cost of HF hospitalization remain limited.

Methods: This was a prospective study conducted at Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital. Patients with HF were identified by sequential medical chart abstraction. Primary causes were extracted from echocardiogram reports and adjudicated by a cardiologist. Direct medical cost of hospitalization was derived using activity-based and micro-costing methods, adopting payers' system perspective. Drivers of overall cost were explored using linear regression models.

Results: 142 participants were consecutively recruited from September to November 2022. 51.4% were females, and the mean age was 54 (SD 20). The leading primary causes were cor pulmonale (CP), 28.9%; dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), 26.1%; rheumatic heart disease (RHD), 19.7%; hypertensive heart disease (HHD), 16.9%; ischaemic heart disease (IHD), 6.3%; and pericardial disease (PD), 2.1%. Overall direct cost of HF hospitalization was KES 11,470.94 (SD 8,289.57) [USD 93.49 (67.56)] per patient per day, with the mean length of hospital stay of 10.1 (SD 7.1). RHD incurred the highest costs, KES 15,299.08 (SD 13,196.89) [USD 124.70 (107.56)] per patient per day; IHD, KES 12,966.47 (SD 6656.49) [USD 105.68 (54.25)]; and DCM, KES 12,268.08 (SD 7,816.12) [USD 99.99 (63.71)]. The cost of medications was the leading driver, β = 0.56 (0.55 - 0.56), followed by inpatient fees, β = 0.27 (0.27 - 0.28), and laboratory investigations, β = 0.19 (0.18 - 0.19).

Conclusion: Cor pulmonale, CM, RHD, and HHD were the major causes of HF. The overall direct medical cost of hospitalization was extremely expensive compared with the Kenyan average monthly household income per capita. Widespread comprehensive health insurance coverage is therefore recommended to cushion families against such catastrophic health expenditures besides public health measures aimed at addressing primary causes of HF.

查看原文本刊更多论文

肯尼亚一家公立三级医院急性失代偿性心力衰竭入院的成人心力衰竭的主要原因和直接医疗费用

背景：心力衰竭（HF）是心血管疾病发病率和死亡率的主要因素。心衰住院的直接医疗费用数据仍然有限，这对肯尼亚和其他发展中国家的健康结果产生了不利影响。方法：本研究是在莫伊县教学转诊医院进行的前瞻性研究。采用顺序病历抽象化方法对心衰患者进行识别。主要原因从超声心动图报告中提取，并由心脏病专家裁定。采用作业成本法和微观成本法，采用支付方制度视角推导住院直接医疗费用。利用线性回归模型探讨了总成本的驱动因素。结果：从2022年9月至11月连续招募142名参与者。51.4%为女性，平均年龄54岁（SD 20）。主要病因为肺心病（CP），占28.9%；扩张型心肌病（DCM）， 26.1%；风湿性心脏病（RHD）， 19.7%；高血压心脏病（HHD）， 16.9%；缺血性心脏病（IHD）， 6.3%；心包疾病（PD）占2.1%。HF住院总直接成本为每位患者每天11,470.94 KES (SD 8,289.57) [93.49 USD(67.56)]，平均住院时间为10.1 （SD 7.1）。RHD的成本最高，每位患者每天15299.08克朗（13196.89瑞典克朗）[124.70美元（107.56美元）]；Ihd, 12,966.47美元（sd 6656.49）[105.68美元（54.25）]；和DCM， 12,268.08英镑（7,816.12英镑）[99.99美元（63.71英镑）]。药物费用是主要驱动因素，β = 0.56(0.55 ~ 0.56)，其次是住院费，β = 0.27(0.27 ~ 0.28)，实验室检查，β = 0.19（0.18 ~ 0.19）。结论：肺心病、CM、RHD、HHD是HF的主要病因。与肯尼亚家庭人均月平均收入相比，住院的总直接医疗费用极其昂贵。因此，除了旨在解决心衰主要原因的公共卫生措施外，建议广泛的综合健康保险覆盖范围，以缓冲家庭对这种灾难性卫生支出的负担。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

Global Heart Medicine-Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine

CiteScore

5.70

自引率

5.40%

发文量

审稿时长

5 weeks

期刊介绍： Global Heart offers a forum for dialogue and education on research, developments, trends, solutions and public health programs related to the prevention and control of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) worldwide, with a special focus on low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Manuscripts should address not only the extent or epidemiology of the problem, but also describe interventions to effectively control and prevent CVDs and the underlying factors. The emphasis should be on approaches applicable in settings with limited resources. Economic evaluations of successful interventions are particularly welcome. We will also consider negative findings if important. While reports of hospital or clinic-based treatments are not excluded, particularly if they have broad implications for cost-effective disease control or prevention, we give priority to papers addressing community-based activities. We encourage submissions on cardiovascular surveillance and health policies, professional education, ethical issues and technological innovations related to prevention. Global Heart is particularly interested in publishing data from updated national or regional demographic health surveys, World Health Organization or Global Burden of Disease data, large clinical disease databases or registries. Systematic reviews or meta-analyses on globally relevant topics are welcome. We will also consider clinical research that has special relevance to LMICs, e.g. using validated instruments to assess health-related quality-of-life in patients from LMICs, innovative diagnostic-therapeutic applications, real-world effectiveness clinical trials, research methods (innovative methodologic papers, with emphasis on low-cost research methods or novel application of methods in low resource settings), and papers pertaining to cardiovascular health promotion and policy (quantitative evaluation of health programs.