Update on the management of subclinical hypothyroidism in patients with infertility.

Abstract

Purpose of review: This review is timely and relevant as it addresses recent guideline updates regarding subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) in infertility. The manuscript examines updates in SCH management, focusing on a significant shift in guidelines following the exclusion of a key randomized-controlled trial. This trial, central to previous guidelines and included in multiple meta-analyses, was excluded because of concerns about its validity, prompting a re-evaluation of management approaches.

Recent findings: There is insufficient data to definitively link SCH to infertility. Current evidence does not support universal screening or treatment of SCH in infertile women. Specifically, levothyroxine treatment for SCH has not been shown to reduce pregnancy loss or improve pregnancy outcomes, including live birth rates. SCH is not associated with a significantly increased risk of miscarriage. Routine screening for thyroid antibodies in the infertile population is not recommended. Following a re-evaluation of the literature, the latest guidelines emphasize selective screening for SCH rather than universal screening or treatment in the general infertile population.

Summary: These findings challenge previous guidelines advocating routine screening and treatment of SCH in infertile women. The updated guidelines now recommend more personalized approaches, with selective screening for women with specific risk factors.