Decoding tumor angiogenesis: pathways, mechanisms, and future directions in anti-cancer strategies.

Abstract

Angiogenesis, a crucial process in tumor growth and metastasis, necessitates targeted therapeutic intervention. This review reviews the latest knowledge of anti-angiogenesis targets in tumors, with emphasis on the molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways that regulate this process. We emphasize the tumor microenvironment's role in angiogenesis, examine endothelial cell metabolic changes, and evaluated potential therapeutic strategies targeting the tumor vascular system. At the same time, we analyzed the signaling pathway and molecular mechanism of tumor angiogenesis in detail. In addition, this paper also looks at the development trend of tumor anti-angiogenesis drugs, including their future development direction and challenges, aiming to provide prospective insight into the development of this field. Despite their potential, anti-angiogenic therapies encounter challenges like drug resistance and side effects, necessitating ongoing research to enhance cancer treatment strategies and the efficacy of these therapies.