A Scoping Review of School-Based Nutrition and Physical Activity Interventions Conducted in Mexico.

Abstract

Introduction: As the Mexican economy has developed, ultra-processed, high fat, low fiber, and high sugar foods have become more prevalent. Almost one in four children in the country is overweight or obese. The Mexican government has school nutrition guidelines and policies. Several schools have implemented programs to improve child nutrition and physical activity knowledge and behaviors in an effort to reduce childhood overweight and obesity. The aim of this review is to assess the range of school-based nutrition and physical activity interventions and their possible impact on health and wellness. Methods: A scoping review of English and Spanish language published peer-reviewed studies examined existing literature on school-based nutrition and physical activity interventions implemented in Mexican schools for children and adolescents. The 17 studies meeting inclusion criteria were analyzed for program content and outcomes. Results: All interventions had some impact on either knowledge, attitudes, and/or behaviors. Almost all interventions incorporated parents. These programs occurred within the context of national guidelines issued by the Mexican government and a renewed focus on the increasing problem of childhood obesity. Conclusion: Mexico's school-based nutrition and physical activity interventions can impact nutritional knowledge, food and beverage choices, and physical activity behaviors.