{"title":"Dysregulated homocysteine metabolism and cardiovascular disease and clinical treatments.","authors":"Xiangyu Cao, Tingyu Wang, Gaohang Mu, Yupeng Chen, Bo Xiang, Jingze Zhu, Zhenya Shen","doi":"10.1007/s11010-025-05284-1","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Elevated homocysteine (Hcy) levels, known as hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy), are recognized as a separate risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Mutations in methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) and cystathionine beta synthase (CBS)-enzymes pivotal at the juncture of the trans-sulfuration and remethylation pathways-underlie the pathogenesis of HHcy. Although vitamin supplementation has been proven to effectively decrease Hcy levels, there is still uncertainty about whether this reduction translates to a decrease in the incidence rates from cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). This review seeks to explore the linking between Hcy and specific diseases, the role of Hcy in vascular homeostasis, and the research on the possible advantages of therapies designed to lower Hcy levels. Understanding the intricate mechanisms of their metabolism and interactions is essential for pharmacological treatments to mitigate the adverse effects associated with metabolic dysregulation of Hcy. Given the widespread availability and ease of use of Hcy test kits, we strongly advocate for the routine administration of rapid blood tests for individuals at high risk of CVDs, particularly among the elderly population.</p>","PeriodicalId":18724,"journal":{"name":"Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry","volume":" ","pages":"4907-4920"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7000,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12476326/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry","FirstCategoryId":"99","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11010-025-05284-1","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2025/5/10 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"CELL BIOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Elevated homocysteine (Hcy) levels, known as hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy), are recognized as a separate risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Mutations in methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) and cystathionine beta synthase (CBS)-enzymes pivotal at the juncture of the trans-sulfuration and remethylation pathways-underlie the pathogenesis of HHcy. Although vitamin supplementation has been proven to effectively decrease Hcy levels, there is still uncertainty about whether this reduction translates to a decrease in the incidence rates from cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). This review seeks to explore the linking between Hcy and specific diseases, the role of Hcy in vascular homeostasis, and the research on the possible advantages of therapies designed to lower Hcy levels. Understanding the intricate mechanisms of their metabolism and interactions is essential for pharmacological treatments to mitigate the adverse effects associated with metabolic dysregulation of Hcy. Given the widespread availability and ease of use of Hcy test kits, we strongly advocate for the routine administration of rapid blood tests for individuals at high risk of CVDs, particularly among the elderly population.
期刊介绍:
Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry: An International Journal for Chemical Biology in Health and Disease publishes original research papers and short communications in all areas of the biochemical sciences, emphasizing novel findings relevant to the biochemical basis of cellular function and disease processes, as well as the mechanics of action of hormones and chemical agents. Coverage includes membrane transport, receptor mechanism, immune response, secretory processes, and cytoskeletal function, as well as biochemical structure-function relationships in the cell.
In addition to the reports of original research, the journal publishes state of the art reviews. Specific subjects covered by Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry include cellular metabolism, cellular pathophysiology, enzymology, ion transport, lipid biochemistry, membrane biochemistry, molecular biology, nuclear structure and function, and protein chemistry.