Health-Promoting Behaviour Patterns in Women With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Latent Class Analysis and Association With Prenatal Depression.

Abstract

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) presents significant risks to both maternal and infant health, making adherence to health-promoting behaviours crucial for optimal maternal outcomes. Identifying distinct health behaviour patterns and understanding their association with prenatal depression can offer important insights for targeted interventions.

Objective: This study classifies health-promoting behaviour patterns among women with GDM and examines their association with prenatal depression to inform tailored interventions.

Design: A cross-sectional study with latent class analysis.

Method: A total of 570 women with GDM participated in this study. Data were collected through structured questionnaires, including the Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile (HPLP) and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) to assess health-promoting behaviours and prenatal depression levels. Latent class analysis was used to identify distinct health-promoting behaviour patterns, while logistic regression was conducted to identify factors influencing behaviour classification. A comparative analysis of prenatal depression scores across different behaviour subgroups was also performed.

Result: Four distinct health-promoting behaviour patterns were identified: Comprehensive Health Promotion type, health neglect type, psychologically vulnerable type and lifestyle improvement needed type. Factors influencing behaviour patterns included region, education level, working hours, income, primiparity, adherence to prenatal check-ups and partner support. Significant differences in prenatal depression scores were observed across the behaviour patterns (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: This study reveals the heterogeneity in health-promoting behaviours among women with GDM and underscores the link between these behaviour patterns and prenatal depression. Targeted interventions addressing socio-economic and psychosocial factors can improve adherence to health-promoting behaviours and mitigate prenatal depression risks. Strengthening prenatal care adherence and encouraging partner involvement are effective strategies for improving maternal well-being in women with GDM.

Patient or public contribution: Participants were involved in providing data for this study through self-reports on health-promoting behaviours and prenatal depression. No other contributions from patients or the public were made.