MicroRNA Signatures: Illuminating Minimal Residual Disease Monitoring in Juvenile Myelomonocytic Leukemia - A Review.

IF 1.3 Q4 HEMATOLOGY
Journal of hematology Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-25 DOI:10.14740/jh1384
Bhavyadharshini Arun, Geofrey John, Rajeshkumar Raman
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML) is an aggressive pediatric myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by RAS pathway mutations and significant heterogeneity. Minimal residual disease (MRD) monitoring is crucial for evaluating treatment response and predicting relapse risk. MicroRNA (miRNAs), small non-coding RNAs with pivotal roles in gene regulation, have emerged as promising biomarkers for JMML MRD detection. This review explores the mechanistic role of miRNAs in JMML pathogenesis, emphasizing their diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic potential. Dysregulated miRNA profiles correlate with distinct JMML subgroups and disease progression, suggesting utility in non-invasive MRD monitoring. Emerging evidence highlights miR-150-5p as a tumor suppressor targeting STAT5b and its therapeutic potential in ameliorating JMML's aberrant signaling pathways. We compare traditional MRD methods, such as flow cytometry and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), with miRNA-based techniques, underscoring the latter's superior sensitivity, specificity, and non-invasiveness. Recent advances in miRNA profiling technologies, including next-generation sequencing and digital PCR, enable precise detection of residual leukemic cells and support personalized treatment approaches. Despite significant progress, challenges persist in standardizing miRNA-based assays and validating their clinical utility. Ethical considerations, including patient privacy and informed consent, remain critical for integrating miRNA diagnostics into routine care. This review provides a comprehensive synthesis of current knowledge on miRNA signatures in JMML, illuminating their transformative potential in MRD monitoring and paving the way for innovative therapeutic strategies.

MicroRNA特征:阐明幼年髓单细胞白血病微小残留疾病监测的研究进展。
青少年髓单细胞白血病(JMML)是一种侵袭性的小儿骨髓增生异常/骨髓增生性肿瘤,其特征是RAS通路突变和显著的异质性。微小残留病(MRD)监测对于评估治疗反应和预测复发风险至关重要。MicroRNA (miRNAs)是在基因调控中起关键作用的小非编码rna,已成为检测JMML MRD的有前途的生物标志物。这篇综述探讨了mirna在JMML发病机制中的作用,强调了它们的诊断、预后和治疗潜力。失调的miRNA谱与不同的JMML亚组和疾病进展相关,提示在非侵入性MRD监测中的应用。新出现的证据强调了miR-150-5p作为靶向STAT5b的肿瘤抑制因子及其在改善JMML异常信号通路方面的治疗潜力。我们将传统的MRD方法(如流式细胞术和聚合酶链反应(PCR))与基于mirna的技术进行了比较,强调后者具有更高的灵敏度、特异性和非侵入性。miRNA分析技术的最新进展,包括下一代测序和数字PCR,能够精确检测残留的白血病细胞,并支持个性化治疗方法。尽管取得了重大进展,但在标准化基于mirna的检测和验证其临床应用方面仍然存在挑战。伦理考虑,包括患者隐私和知情同意,对于将miRNA诊断纳入常规护理仍然至关重要。本文综述了JMML中miRNA特征的最新知识,阐明了它们在MRD监测中的变革性潜力,并为创新治疗策略铺平了道路。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Journal of hematology
Journal of hematology HEMATOLOGY-
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发文量
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