Circulating Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio Predicts Stroke-Associated Infection and Poststroke Fatigue Affecting Long-Term Neurological Outcomes in Stroke Patients.

Abstract

Background: Since peripheral leukocytes may contribute to the pathophysiology of stroke, the aim of this study was to elucidate the relationship between leukocytes and stroke outcomes and identify which leukocyte subtypes most accurately predict functional outcomes and poststroke fatigue (PSF) in stroke patients. Methods: A total of 788 ischemic stroke patients within 72 h of onset of disease were admitted in our study. Stroke-associated infection (SAI) and PSF were evaluated according to diagnosis standards by a special neurologist. Analyses were performed using SPSS 23.0 and GraphPad Prism 10.0. Results: Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has discriminative power in predicting stroke outcome, and the area under the curve (AUC) of NLR to distinguish stroke outcomes was 0.689 (95% confidence interval, 0.646-0.732). Positive correlation was found between NLR levels and NIHSS score on admission (r = 0.2786, p < 0.001). Risk model for predicting stroke outcome was constructed using age, NIHSS, previous stroke history, triglycerides, glucose and hemoglobin levels, thrombolysis treatment, and NLR, with an AUC of 0.865. Patients who developed SAI and PSF both had significantly higher NLR levels at admission than those patients not diagnosed with SAI and PSF (p < 0.0001). A risk model was constructed to predict PSF based on parameters including age, NIHSS score, lipoprotein(a) and NLR, and an AUC of 0.751. Conclusions: Higher NLR levels in the acute phase of stroke might indicate a higher incidence of SAI and PSF. Therefore, higher NLR is associated with a poor stroke prognosis.