The impact of blade geometry (nonflat, flat or hybrid) and metallurgical composition on the mechanical performance of NiTi endodontic instruments: A multimethod laboratory study

IF 7.1 1区医学 Q1 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

International endodontic journal Pub Date : 2025-05-03 DOI:10.1111/iej.14249

Emmanuel J. N. L. Silva, Jorge N. R. Martins, Thyago Oliveira Cardoso, Mylena do Rosário Pereira, Murilo Priori Alcalde, Victor T. L. Vieira, Abayomi O. Baruwa, Francisco Manuel Braz Fernandes, Marco A. Versiani

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Abstract

Aim

To evaluate the influence of blade design (conventional, flat and hybrid) and metallurgical properties on the mechanical performance of nickel-titanium endodontic instruments.

Methodology

Two hundred and seven NiTi instruments (25 mm in length) with three different blade designs were selected for analysis: conventional (n = 69, CC One Blue, size 25/0.08v), flat (n = 69, Platinum V.EU, size 25/0.06) and hybrid (n = 69, Flash Endo Power, size 25/0.06v). The instruments were evaluated regarding geometric design (scanning electron microscopy), alloy elements composition (energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy) and phase transformation temperatures (differential scanning calorimetry). Additionally, their mechanical behaviour was investigated by testing cyclic fatigue resistance, torsional resistance, bending resistance, buckling resistance, cutting efficiency and microhardness. Statistical significance was determined using One-Way anova and Kruskal–Wallis tests (α = 5%).

Results

Platinum V.EU and Flash instruments exhibited design inconsistencies within the same lot, including nonstandard positioning and variations in the length of the flat side. All instruments were composed of a nickel-titanium alloy with equiatomic ratios of nickel and titanium. At 20°C, Flash instruments exhibited a mixed R-phase and austenitic arrangement, transitioning fully to austenitic at 36°C, while CC One Blue and Platinum V.EU displayed a complete R-phase at 20°C and retained a mixed R-phase and austenitic arrangement at 36°C. The CC One Blue exhibited superior performance in time to fracture (156 ± 34 s), maximum torque (1.5 N·cm) and buckling strength (372 ± 31 gf) (p < .0001), while no differences were found in maximum rotation angle (p = .602). In terms of flexibility, the Flash (328 gf) and CC One Blue (341 gf) outperformed the Platinum V.EU (376 gf) (p = .006). Flash (121 gf) and CC One Blue (137 gf) also outperformed Platinum V.EU (253 gf) in terms of cutting efficiency (p < .0001). Conversely, the Platinum V.EU demonstrated significantly higher microhardness (386 ± 45 HVN) compared to CC One Blue and Flash (p = .0340).

Conclusions

Overall, instruments featuring either flat-side (Platinum V.EU) or hybrid (Flash) active blades demonstrated inferior mechanical performance compared to the conventional nonflat instrument (CC One Blue).

Abstract Image

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叶片几何形状（非平坦、平坦或混合）和冶金成分对镍钛根管器械机械性能的影响：一项多方法实验室研究。

目的：评价叶片设计（常规、扁平和混合型）和冶金性能对镍钛根管器械力学性能的影响。方法：采用三种不同叶片设计的270台NiTi仪器（长度为25mm）进行分析：常规（n = 69, CC One Blue，尺寸为25/0.08v），平板（n = 69, Platinum v.u u，尺寸为25/0.06v）和混合（n = 69, Flash Endo Power，尺寸为25/0.06v）。对仪器的几何设计（扫描电子显微镜）、合金元素组成（能量色散x射线光谱）和相变温度（差示扫描量热法）进行了评估。此外，通过测试其抗循环疲劳性能、抗扭转性能、抗弯曲性能、抗屈曲性能、切削效率和显微硬度来研究其力学性能。采用单因素方差分析和Kruskal-Wallis检验（α = 5%）确定统计学显著性。结果：白金V.EU和Flash仪器在同一批次内存在设计不一致，包括不标准定位和平边长度的变化。所有仪器均由镍钛等原子比的镍钛合金组成。在20°C时，Flash仪器表现出r相和奥氏体的混合排列，在36°C时完全过渡到奥氏体，而CC One Blue和Platinum v.u u在20°C时表现出完整的r相，在36°C时保持r相和奥氏体的混合排列。CC One Blue在断裂时间（156±34秒）、最大扭矩（1.5 N·cm）和屈曲强度（372±31 gf）方面表现优异。(p)结论：总体而言，与传统的非平面仪器（CC One Blue）相比，具有平面（Platinum v.u u）或混合（Flash）主动叶片的仪器的机械性能较差。

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来源期刊

International endodontic journal 医学-牙科与口腔外科

CiteScore

10.20

自引率

28.00%

发文量

195

审稿时长

4-8 weeks

期刊介绍： The International Endodontic Journal is published monthly and strives to publish original articles of the highest quality to disseminate scientific and clinical knowledge; all manuscripts are subjected to peer review. Original scientific articles are published in the areas of biomedical science, applied materials science, bioengineering, epidemiology and social science relevant to endodontic disease and its management, and to the restoration of root-treated teeth. In addition, review articles, reports of clinical cases, book reviews, summaries and abstracts of scientific meetings and news items are accepted. The International Endodontic Journal is essential reading for general dental practitioners, specialist endodontists, research, scientists and dental teachers.