[Current trends in multiple sclerosis/neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder therapy: considerations for domestic administration and personalized therapy].

Abstract

In multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders, the risk of relapse can no longer be reduced to nearly zero. Consequently, the possibility of misdiagnosis must be considered when a relapse occurs. Nevertheless, managing these conditions requires efforts to minimize the risk of infection and avoid overtreatment. Looking ahead, future treatments may focus not only on enhancing myelin regeneration but also on addressing neuronal and axonal degeneration. Additionally, immune reconstitution therapy-designed to reset and rebuild the immune system's memory-may become a viable option. As such, it will be increasingly important to avoid excessive dosages and to tailor personalized therapies to meet the specific needs of each patient.