What is the Role of Point of Care Ultrasound for Suspected Pulled Elbow in Children? A Narrative Literature Review.

POCUS journal Pub Date : 2025-04-15 eCollection Date: 2025-04-01 DOI:10.24908/pocusj.v10i01.17853
Salmah Lashhab, David J McCreary
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Abstract

Objective: Our objective was to evaluate and appraise the existing evidence on the use of point of care ultrasound (POCUS) for pulled elbow, including its positive findings and their reliability.

Methods: We searched PubMed, Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL and Google Scholar for prospective and retrospective studies evaluating POCUS use for suspected pulled elbow. We identified positive sonographic findings along with their sensitivity and specificity relating to this diagnosis.

Results: We included 13 studies that reviewed ultrasonographic findings in suspected pulled elbow. These studies discussed a range of sonographic findings between them, including radio- capitellar distance, 'J-sign'/'Hook sign', fat pad sign and partial eclipse sign. The studies were of mixed quality and were susceptible to bias.

Conclusions: Children presenting with suspected pulled elbow who have evidence of hook sign (or J-sign) and an absence of elbow effusion on POCUS can be diagnosed with pulled elbow and safely undergo reduction. POCUS can be used following reduction to demonstrate resolution of these signs and confirm its success. Elbow injuries with effusion are likely to have bony injury, meaning that X-ray is required. Additional prospective study of children presenting with elbow injury would be required to accurately determine the effectiveness of POCUS in the diagnosis of pulled elbow.

护理点超声对儿童疑似牵拉肘的作用是什么?叙事文学综述。
目的:我们的目的是评估和评价现有的证据关于使用点护理超声(POCUS)治疗牵拉肘,包括其阳性结果及其可靠性。方法:我们检索PubMed, Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL和谷歌Scholar,以评估POCUS用于疑似拉伤肘的前瞻性和回顾性研究。我们确定了阳性的超声结果以及与此诊断相关的敏感性和特异性。结果:我们纳入了13项研究,回顾了疑似牵拉肘的超声表现。这些研究讨论了它们之间的一系列超声表现,包括桡动脉-肱动脉距离、“j型征”/“钩型征”、脂肪垫征和偏食征。这些研究质量参差不齐,容易产生偏倚。结论:有钩状征(或j型征)和POCUS无肘关节积液的疑似牵拉肘患儿可被诊断为牵拉肘并安全接受复位。POCUS可用于复位后,以证明这些迹象的解决,并确认其成功。有积液的肘部损伤可能有骨损伤,这意味着需要x光检查。为了准确确定POCUS在诊断肘部拉伤中的有效性,需要对肘部损伤儿童进行额外的前瞻性研究。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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