Treatment of pruritus in primary sclerosing cholangitis: Analysis of the consortium for autoimmune liver disease registry.

Abstract

Background: Cholestasis from primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) frequently causes pruritus. However, the prevalence of pruritus and its management have not been well studied. Investigating the Cholestatic Pruritus of Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis (ItCh-PSC) includes a retrospective medical record review to determine the prevalence, severity, and treatment patterns of pruritus.

Methods: Data was collected at 5 academic medical centers in the United States. Medical records were searched for the terms "itch" and "pruritus" and data abstracted related to itch severity, number of encounters, and treatment.

Results: Among 724 patients with PSC, 359 (50%) of patients had a documented history of pruritus, including 40%, 39%, and 21% with mild, moderate, or severe itch. Itch was less common in those with small ducts compared to large duct PSC (p=0.02) and more frequent in those of Hispanic versus non-Hispanic ethnicity (p=0.001). Compared to patients with mild itch, patients with moderate or severe itch were younger, and had more elevated liver biochemistries, more encounters with itch, and more frequently prescribed 2 or more anti-pruritic medications. Bile acid-binding resins were prescribed in 36%, hydroxyzine in 23%, rifampin in 11%, and fenofibrate in 4% of patients with any itch. The prevalence and severity of pruritus were not affected by cirrhosis, hepatic decompensation, or inflammatory bowel disease.

Conclusion: Itch is common in patients with PSC and is often associated with multiple prescriptions of antipruritic agents. Effective treatments for pruritus in patients with PSC remain an unmet need.