Generation and clearance of myelin debris after spinal cord injury.

IF 6.7 2区 医学 Q2 CELL BIOLOGY
Neural Regeneration Research Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-29 DOI:10.4103/NRR.NRR-D-24-01405
Chaoyuan Li, Wenqi Luo, Irshad Hussain, Renrui Niu, Xiaodong He, Chunyu Xiang, Fengshuo Guo, Wanguo Liu, Rui Gu
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Traumatic spinal cord injury often leads to the disintegration of nerve cells and axons, resulting in a substantial accumulation of myelin debris that can persist for years. The abnormal buildup of myelin debris at sites of injury greatly impedes nerve regeneration, making the clearance of debris within these microenvironments crucial for effective post-spinal cord injury repair. In this review, we comprehensively outline the mechanisms that promote the clearance of myelin debris and myelin metabolism and summarize their roles in spinal cord injury. First, we describe the composition and characteristics of myelin debris and explain its effects on the injury site. Next, we introduce the phagocytic cells involved in myelin debris clearance, including professional phagocytes (macrophages and microglia) and non-professional phagocytes (astrocytes and microvascular endothelial cells), as well as other cells that are also proposed to participate in phagocytosis. Finally, we focus on the pathways and associated targets that enhance myelin debris clearance by phagocytes and promote lipid metabolism following spinal cord injury. Our analysis indicates that myelin debris phagocytosis is not limited to monocyte-derived macrophages, but also involves microglia, astrocytes, and microvascular endothelial cells. By modulating the expression of genes related to phagocytosis and lipid metabolism, it is possible to modulate lipid metabolism disorders and influence inflammatory phenotypes, ultimately affecting the recovery of motor function following spinal cord injury. Additionally, therapies such as targeted mitochondrial transplantation in phagocytic cells, exosome therapy, and repeated trans-spinal magnetic stimulation can effectively enhance the removal of myelin debris, presenting promising potential for future applications.

脊髓损伤后髓鞘碎片的产生和清除。
摘要:外伤性脊髓损伤通常会导致神经细胞和轴突的解体,导致髓磷脂碎片的大量积累,并可持续数年。髓鞘碎片在损伤部位的异常积聚极大地阻碍了神经再生,因此清除这些微环境中的碎片对于脊髓损伤后的有效修复至关重要。在这篇综述中,我们全面概述了促进髓磷脂碎片清除和髓磷脂代谢的机制,并总结了它们在脊髓损伤中的作用。首先,我们描述髓磷脂碎片的组成和特征,并解释其对损伤部位的影响。接下来,我们介绍参与髓磷脂碎片清除的吞噬细胞,包括专业吞噬细胞(巨噬细胞和小胶质细胞)和非专业吞噬细胞(星形胶质细胞和微血管内皮细胞),以及其他也被提出参与吞噬的细胞。最后,我们聚焦于脊髓损伤后增强吞噬细胞清除髓磷脂碎片和促进脂质代谢的途径和相关靶点。我们的分析表明,髓磷脂碎片吞噬不仅限于单核细胞来源的巨噬细胞,还涉及小胶质细胞、星形胶质细胞和微血管内皮细胞。通过调节吞噬和脂质代谢相关基因的表达,可以调节脂质代谢紊乱,影响炎症表型,最终影响脊髓损伤后运动功能的恢复。此外,吞噬细胞靶向线粒体移植、外泌体治疗和反复经脊髓磁刺激等治疗方法可以有效地增强髓磷脂碎片的清除,具有广阔的应用前景。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Neural Regeneration Research
Neural Regeneration Research CELL BIOLOGY-NEUROSCIENCES
CiteScore
8.00
自引率
9.80%
发文量
515
审稿时长
1.0 months
期刊介绍: Neural Regeneration Research (NRR) is the Open Access journal specializing in neural regeneration and indexed by SCI-E and PubMed. The journal is committed to publishing articles on basic pathobiology of injury, repair and protection to the nervous system, while considering preclinical and clinical trials targeted at improving traumatically injuried patients and patients with neurodegenerative diseases.
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