[A novel drug target VIPR2 to regulate migration and proliferation in breast cancer].

Abstract

Molecularly targeted drugs currently used in breast cancer target the epidermal growth factor receptors, and are less effective when used against breast cancer subtypes with low levels of these receptors. There is therefore an urgent need to identify a new target molecule for such breast cancer subtypes. Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) receptor 2 (VIPR2) is a G-protein-coupled receptor that binds to Gαs, Gαi, and Gαq proteins to regulate their downstream signaling. VIPR2 is known to be highly expressed in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the brain, but is also expressed in many peripheral organs. VIPR2 expression has also been reported in thyroid cancer, gastric cancer, lung cancer, pancreatic adenocarcinoma, sarcoma, and neuroendocrine tumors, and VIPR2 mRNA expression and VIPR2 gene copy number are particularly elevated in breast cancer. We therefore investigated the involvement of VIPR2 in the proliferation and migration of breast cancer cells. We showed that VIP-VIPR2 is a novel molecular mechanism that controls cell migration by activating phosphatidylinositol-3 kinaseγ (PI3Kγ), promoting the production of phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-triphosphate, and then regulating the formation and extension of pseudopodia. VIP-VIPR2 also regulated cyclin D1 levels through the cAMP/PKA/extracellular signal-regulated kinase and PI3K/AKT/Akt-glycogen synthase kinase-3β signaling pathways, thereby controlling cell proliferation by regulating the G1/S transition in the cell cycle. Treatment with a selective VIPR2 antagonist peptide KS-133 suppressed VIP-induced cell proliferation and migration. These results suggest that VIPR2 is a novel target molecule associated with breast cancer and that KS-133 is a potential molecular targeted drug for breast cancer.