Distribution of synthetic antioxidants in outdoor and educational indoor dusts and assessment of human exposure.

IF 3.2 3区环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Environmental Geochemistry and Health Pub Date : 2025-04-26 DOI:10.1007/s10653-025-02496-8

Yiyu Wang, Huijun Su, Ning Liu, Naiwang Yang, Pingqiang Gao

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Abstract

Antioxidants have been received recognized as contaminants in the environmental field due to the reports of adverse effects. In this study, a total of 35 outdoor dusts and 20 educational indoor dusts were sampled to investigated the occurrence and spatial distribution of antioxidants, and eight antioxidants were positively found in dusts. For the indoor dusts, the total antioxidant concentrations (Σ₈Ant) were in the range of 15.7-5282 ng/g, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol (BHT) was the dominate compound which constituted of 46.4% in the total concentrations of detected antioxidants. The composition profiles of antioxidants (67.9%) in outdoor dusts were different from that in indoor dusts, N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6PPD) was the main component of all the identified antioxidants. Various microenvironments exhibited different contamination characteristics of antioxidants, the rank order of Σ₈Ant was following as: campus roads (average concentration: 35.4 ng/g) < pedestrian streets (59.1 ng/g) < urban roads (92.9 ng/g) < teaching buildings (105 ng/g) < laboratory buildings (530 ng/g) < dormitories (1652 ng/g). Based on the measured Σ₈Ant in dusts, we estimated daily intake via dust ingestion to be 3.90e^-2 to 9.55e^-2 ng/kg BW/day for adults under high exposure scenario. Overall, the occurrence and spatial distribution of antioxidants in outdoor and educational indoor spaces were investigated and the potential risks of detected antioxidants exposure in toddlers and adults were assessed in the present study.

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室外和教育室内粉尘中合成抗氧化剂的分布及人体暴露评估。

抗氧化剂已被公认为环境领域的污染物，因为有不良影响的报道。本研究对35个室外粉尘和20个教育室内粉尘进行了抗氧化剂的发生和空间分布调查，其中8个粉尘中存在阳性抗氧化剂。室内粉尘中抗氧化剂总浓度（Σ8Ant）为15.7 ~ 5282 ng/g，其中2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚（BHT）为主要化合物，占检测到的抗氧化剂总浓度的46.4%。室外粉尘中抗氧化剂的组成分布（67.9%）与室内粉尘中不同，N-（1,3-二甲基丁基）-N′-苯基-对苯二胺（6PPD）是所有抗氧化剂的主要成分。不同的微环境表现出不同的抗氧化剂污染特征，Σ8Ant的等级顺序依次为：校园道路（平均浓度：35.4 ng/g） 8 .高暴露情景下成人的日摄尘量为3.90e-2 ~ 9.55e-2 ng/kg BW/d。总体而言，本研究调查了室外和教育室内空间中抗氧化剂的发生和空间分布，并评估了幼儿和成人检测到的抗氧化剂暴露的潜在风险。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Environmental Geochemistry and Health 环境科学-工程：环境

CiteScore

8.00

自引率

4.80%

发文量

279

审稿时长

4.2 months

期刊介绍： Environmental Geochemistry and Health publishes original research papers and review papers across the broad field of environmental geochemistry. Environmental geochemistry and health establishes and explains links between the natural or disturbed chemical composition of the earth’s surface and the health of plants, animals and people. Beneficial elements regulate or promote enzymatic and hormonal activity whereas other elements may be toxic. Bedrock geochemistry controls the composition of soil and hence that of water and vegetation. Environmental issues, such as pollution, arising from the extraction and use of mineral resources, are discussed. The effects of contaminants introduced into the earth’s geochemical systems are examined. Geochemical surveys of soil, water and plants show how major and trace elements are distributed geographically. Associated epidemiological studies reveal the possibility of causal links between the natural or disturbed geochemical environment and disease. Experimental research illuminates the nature or consequences of natural or disturbed geochemical processes. The journal particularly welcomes novel research linking environmental geochemistry and health issues on such topics as: heavy metals (including mercury), persistent organic pollutants (POPs), and mixed chemicals emitted through human activities, such as uncontrolled recycling of electronic-waste; waste recycling; surface-atmospheric interaction processes (natural and anthropogenic emissions, vertical transport, deposition, and physical-chemical interaction) of gases and aerosols; phytoremediation/restoration of contaminated sites; food contamination and safety; environmental effects of medicines; effects and toxicity of mixed pollutants; speciation of heavy metals/metalloids; effects of mining; disturbed geochemistry from human behavior, natural or man-made hazards; particle and nanoparticle toxicology; risk and the vulnerability of populations, etc.