Quaternary ammonium compounds in medicinal herbs and health risk assessment.

IF 2.5 3区农林科学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Food additives & contaminants. Part B, Surveillance Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-24 DOI:10.1080/19393210.2025.2486313

Yasmin S Nasr, Osama El-Sayed Hussein, Hassan A El-Gammal, Mostafa M H Khalil

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The rising global demand for medicinal herbs has increased human consumption, raising concerns about potential health risks related to quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs), especially among infants due to frequent use in certain cultures. To perform a market survey, an LC-ESI-MS/MS method was developed to detect five QACs, including Benzalkonium Chlorides (BACs) and Dialkyl Dimethyl Ammonium Chloride (DDAC), in dry medicinal herbs. The method employed QuEChERS extraction with acetonitrile and achieved chromatographic separation with a poroshell C18 column. Method validation was conducted according to Eurachem and SANTE/11312/2021 guidelines, showing high sensitivity and selectivity, with recoveries between 70% and 110% and RSDs below 5%. The method was applied to market samples, resulting in 33% exceedances of the maximum residue limits. In this study also dietary exposure risks for adults, toddlers and infants were evaluated. Preliminary risk assessment indicated acceptable dietary exposure risks.

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中药中季铵类化合物及其健康风险评价。

全球对草药不断增长的需求增加了人类的消费，引起了人们对与季铵化合物（QACs）有关的潜在健康风险的关注，特别是在某些文化中经常使用的婴儿。为进行市场调查，建立了hplc - esi -MS/MS法检测干药材中苯扎氯铵（BACs）和二烷基二甲基氯化铵（DDAC） 5种QACs。方法采用QuEChERS萃取法，乙腈萃取，采用C18孔壳柱进行色谱分离。方法根据Eurachem和SANTE/11312/2021指南进行验证，具有较高的灵敏度和选择性，回收率在70% ~ 110%之间，rsd < 5%。将该方法应用于市场样品，结果表明，样品的最大残留限量超出33%。在这项研究中，还评估了成人、幼儿和婴儿的饮食暴露风险。初步风险评估显示饮食暴露风险可接受。

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来源期刊

Food additives & contaminants. Part B, Surveillance 农林科学-毒理学

CiteScore

5.30

自引率

10.30%

发文量

审稿时长

2.7 months

期刊介绍： Food Additives & Contaminants: Part B publishes surveillance data indicating the presence and levels of occurrence of designated food additives, residues and contaminants in foods, food supplements and animal feed. Data using validated methods must meet stipulated quality standards to be acceptable and must be presented in a prescribed format for subsequent data-handling. Food Additives & Contaminants: Part B restricts its scope to include certain classes of food additives, residues and contaminants. This is based on a goal of covering those areas where there is a need to record surveillance data for the purposes of exposure and risk assessment. The scope is initially restricted to: Additives - food colours, artificial sweeteners, and preservatives; Residues – veterinary drug and pesticide residues; Contaminants – metals, mycotoxins, phycotoxins, plant toxins, nitrate/nitrite, PCDDs/PCFDs, PCBs, PAHs, acrylamide, 3-MPCD and contaminants derived from food packaging. Readership: The readership includes scientists involved in all aspects of food safety and quality and particularly those involved in monitoring human exposure to chemicals from the diet. Papers reporting surveillance data in areas other than the above should be submitted to Part A . The scope of Part B will be expanded from time-to-time to ensure inclusion of new areas of concern.