Neuroprotective Potential of Conditioned Medium from Adipose and Liver Mesenchymal Stem Cells in a Rat Model of Global Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury.

Abstract

Background: Mesenchymal stem cell-derived conditioned medium (MSCCM) contains bioactive factors that provide neuroprotection in cases of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. This study aimed to compare the therapeutic potential of rat adipose-derived MSC-CM (rAD-MSC-CM) and chicken embryo liver-derived MSC-CM (cLD-MSC-CM) following global cerebral IR injury in male rats.

Material and methods: We harvested rAD-MSC-CM from the adipose tissue surrounding the epididymis of Wistar rats and cLD-MSC-CM from the liver tissue of 10- day-old chicken embryos. To induce global cerebral ischemia, we utilized a four-vessel occlusion (4VO) model in rats. After inducing ischemia, the conditioned media were administered via intravenous injection 30 minutes post-reperfusion. We evaluated the cognitive and non-cognitive functions of the animals using standard behavioral tests. Additionally, we assessed blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, brain water content (BWC), oxidative-antioxidative status, and conducted histopathological analyses of the hippocampal tissue in the IR rats.

Results: Our findings demonstrated that treatment with both rAD-MSC-CM and cLDMSC- CM significantly improved memory function, reduced anxiety- and depressionlike behaviors, and enhanced exploratory activities. These behavioral improvements correlated with decreased BBB permeability and BWC, reduced oxidative stress, and mitigated histopathological changes in the hippocampal tissue.

Conclusion: Our findings suggest that both rAD-MSC-CM and cLD-MSC-CM offer protective benefits against IR injury, likely owing to their antioxidant properties.