Romario Vázquez-Cancino, Sergio Rodríguez-Morales, Nelly Del Carmen Jiménez-Pérez, Omar Aristeo Peña-Morán, Litzia Cerón-Romero, Irma Sánchez-Lombardo, Alam Yair-Hidalgo, Nancy Romero Ceronio, Cuauhtémoc Alvarado-Sánchez, Oswaldo Hernández-Abreu
{"title":"Untargeted metabolic analysis using LC-Q-TOF-MS and toxicity assessment of <i>Eryngium foetidum</i> in zebrafish embryos.","authors":"Romario Vázquez-Cancino, Sergio Rodríguez-Morales, Nelly Del Carmen Jiménez-Pérez, Omar Aristeo Peña-Morán, Litzia Cerón-Romero, Irma Sánchez-Lombardo, Alam Yair-Hidalgo, Nancy Romero Ceronio, Cuauhtémoc Alvarado-Sánchez, Oswaldo Hernández-Abreu","doi":"10.2478/acph-2025-0008","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Toxicological studies of edible plant species are important to determine the safety of their consumption. <i>Eryngium foetidum</i> is an edible plant used in some countries for seasoning food and as a natural remedy in folk medicine. Despite this species' gastronomic and medicinal properties, the chemical composition and toxicity have been unclear. The objective of our investigation was to determine the toxic potential of <i>E. foetidum</i> in the zebrafish embryo model and identify the potential compounds involved in its toxicity by electrospray ionization liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Acute exposure of zebrafish embryos to <i>n</i>-hexane extract produced higher toxicity than the other extracts in a time- and concentration-dependent fashion (coagulated embryo). A 96-h median lethal concentration (<i>LC</i> <sub>50</sub>) of 2.63 µg mL<sup>-1</sup> (CI 95 % 0.58-28.5) was calculated by probit analysis. Caudal fin hypertrophy, head, yolk sac edema, caudal region, or somite malformations were observed. Secondary metabolites such as terpenes, polyphenols, and fatty acids were identified in the <i>n</i>-hexane extract. Also, pollutants such as diglycidyl resorcinol ether, diisopropyl adipate, and lauryl sulfate were found in the <i>n</i>-hexane extract. Our study revealed that chemical pollutants could be associated with the embryonic toxicity of the <i>n</i>-hexane extract of <i>E. foetidum</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":7034,"journal":{"name":"Acta Pharmaceutica","volume":"75 1","pages":"133-146"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1000,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Acta Pharmaceutica","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.2478/acph-2025-0008","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2025/3/1 0:00:00","PubModel":"Print","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Toxicological studies of edible plant species are important to determine the safety of their consumption. Eryngium foetidum is an edible plant used in some countries for seasoning food and as a natural remedy in folk medicine. Despite this species' gastronomic and medicinal properties, the chemical composition and toxicity have been unclear. The objective of our investigation was to determine the toxic potential of E. foetidum in the zebrafish embryo model and identify the potential compounds involved in its toxicity by electrospray ionization liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Acute exposure of zebrafish embryos to n-hexane extract produced higher toxicity than the other extracts in a time- and concentration-dependent fashion (coagulated embryo). A 96-h median lethal concentration (LC50) of 2.63 µg mL-1 (CI 95 % 0.58-28.5) was calculated by probit analysis. Caudal fin hypertrophy, head, yolk sac edema, caudal region, or somite malformations were observed. Secondary metabolites such as terpenes, polyphenols, and fatty acids were identified in the n-hexane extract. Also, pollutants such as diglycidyl resorcinol ether, diisopropyl adipate, and lauryl sulfate were found in the n-hexane extract. Our study revealed that chemical pollutants could be associated with the embryonic toxicity of the n-hexane extract of E. foetidum.
期刊介绍:
AP is an international, multidisciplinary journal devoted to pharmaceutical and allied sciences and contains articles predominantly on core biomedical and health subjects. The aim of AP is to increase the impact of pharmaceutical research in academia, industry and laboratories. With strong emphasis on quality and originality, AP publishes reports from the discovery of a drug up to clinical practice. Topics covered are: analytics, biochemistry, biopharmaceutics, biotechnology, cell biology, cell cultures, clinical pharmacy, drug design, drug delivery, drug disposition, drug stability, gene technology, medicine (including diagnostics and therapy), medicinal chemistry, metabolism, molecular modeling, pharmacology (clinical and animal), peptide and protein chemistry, pharmacognosy, pharmacoepidemiology, pharmacoeconomics, pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics, protein design, radiopharmaceuticals, and toxicology.