Deficiency of β-arrestin2 ameliorates MASLD in mice by promoting the activation of TAK1/AMPK signaling

Abstract

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a liver manifestation of metabolic syndrome characterized by excessive hepatic lipid accumulation and lipid metabolism disorders. It has become the most common chronic liver disease worldwide. β-arrestin2 is a multifunctional scaffold protein that is among the most important regulatory molecules, and it exerts key roles in regulating various cellular processes, such as immune response, cellular collagen production, and inflammation. In the current study, we aimed to explore the function of β-arrestin2 in the development and progression of MASLD. Firstly, we observed that the expression of β-arrestin2 was upregulated in liver samples from patients with MASLD. Then, the western diet (WD) combined with CCl₄ injection-induced MASLD was established in wild-type mice, and showed that liver β-arrestin2 expression was also gradually increased, and positively correlated with the degree of lipid metabolism disorder during MASLD progression. Ulteriorly, β-arrestin2 knockout (Arrb2 KO) mice were utilized to induce the MASLD model and found that β-arrestin2 deficiency significantly ameliorated lipid accumulation and inflammatory response in the liver of MASLD mice. Furthermore, the in vitro depletion and overexpression experiments showed that increased β-arrestin2 aggravated lipid accumulation via inhibiting the activation of the TAK1/AMPK pathway, which may be mediated by competitively binding to TAB1 with TAK1. These findings suggest that β-arrestin2 is essential to regulate intrahepatic lipid metabolism. Here, we provide a novel insight in understanding of the expression and function of β-arrestin2 in MASLD, demonstrating that it may be a potential therapeutic target for MASLD treatment.