Robotics in arthroplasty: how good are they?

Abstract

Robotic systems have emerged as indispensable allies in the surgical arena, revolutionizing traditional practices and enhancing the capabilities of health-care professionals. Far removed from the autonomous robots depicted in science fiction, these robotic systems operate under the skilled guidance of surgeons, who control specialized instruments via intuitive consoles and often with the help of robotic product specialists. This symbiotic relationship between man and machine has propelled robotic surgery to the forefront of medical innovation, offering a plethora of benefits that transcends the limitations of conventional surgical techniques. In orthopedic surgery, robotic-assisted knee and hip arthroplasty has experienced rapid growth, and the next field of interest is, without a doubt, shoulder arthroplasty. Digitalization and the use of robotics in shoulder arthroplasty has drawn a lot of attention with the goal to improve the correction of joint deformities and component implantation, possibly leading to enhanced patient outcomes. This next evolution in surgical technology aims to make shoulder replacements more accurate and reproducible in both easy and challenging shoulders and usable by both low-volume and highly experienced surgeons. Nevertheless, robotic-assisted shoulder arthroplasty presents significant challenges related to cost, implant selection, training, and long-term efficacy. Addressing these challenges will require collaboration between surgeons, manufacturers, and regulatory bodies to ensure the safe and effective integration of robotic technology into orthopedic shoulder practice.