Examining social disparities in urban heat exposure in New Orleans, US

Abstract

The urban heat island (UHI) effect is a major concern in large cities, particularly as many cities have experienced extended heatwaves in recent years. This study focuses on disparities in urban heat exposure within the city of New Orleans. Using multitemporal Landsat imagery, this research developed an Urban Heat Risk Index (UHRI) at the block group level. In addition to satellite imagery, this study incorporated socioeconomic and demographic data from the American Community Survey (ACS). To examine the relationship between UHRI and explanatory variables, a spatial lag model was applied with the maximum likelihood (ML) estimation method. The analysis revealed a positive and significant association between UHRI and population density. In contrast, the median household income, the percentage of the population aged five and under, the percentage of owner-occupied homes, and the percentage receiving cash public assistance or food stamps all exhibited a negative and significant relationship with UHRI. This study highlights significant disparities in heat exposure among different socioeconomic groups, with important implications for urban planning and public health. By identifying neighborhoods at higher risk for extreme heat, the findings can inform strategies to reduce vulnerability to heat stress, promote equitable access to green spaces, and guide policies for environmental justice. These insights can support city planners, policymakers, and community leaders in developing interventions that prioritize the needs of vulnerable populations, fostering a more resilient and just urban environment.