Predicted yield and soil organic carbon changes in agroforestry, woodland, grassland, and arable systems under climate change in a cool temperate Atlantic climate
Michail L. Giannitsopoulos, Paul J. Burgess, Anil R. Graves, Rodrigo J. Olave, Jonathan M. Eden, Felix Herzog
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
The impact of a changing climate on crop and tree growth remains complex and uncertain. Whilst some areas may benefit from longer growing seasons and increased CO2 levels, others face threats from more frequent extreme weather events. Models can play a pivotal role in predicting future agricultural and forestry scenarios as they can guide decision-making by investigating the interactions of crops, trees, and the environment. This study used the biophysical EcoYield-SAFE agroforestry model to account for the atmospheric CO2 fertilization and calibrated the model using existing field measurements and weather data from 1989 to 2021 in a case study in Northern Ireland. The study then looked at two future climate scenarios based on the representative concentration pathways (RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5) for 2020–2060 and 2060–2100. The predicted net impacts of future climate scenarios on grass and arable yields and tree growth were positive with increasing CO2 fertilization, which more than offset a generally negative effect of increased temperature and drought stress. The predicted land equivalent ratio remained relatively constant for the baseline and future climate scenarios for silvopastoral and silvoarable agroforestry. Greater losses of soil organic carbon were predicted under arable (1.02–1.18 t C ha−1 yr−1) than grassland (0.43–0.55 t C ha−1 yr−1) systems, with relatively small differences between the baseline and climate scenarios. However, the predicted loss of soil organic carbon was reduced in the long-term by planting trees. The model was also used to examine the effect of different tree densities on the trade-offs between timber volume and understory crop yields. To our best knowledge this is the first study that has calibrated and validated a model that accounts for the effect of CO2 fertilization and determined the effect of future climate scenarios on arable, grassland, woodland, silvopastoral, and silvoarable systems at the same site in Europe.
气候变化对作物和树木生长的影响仍然复杂而不确定。虽然一些地区可能受益于更长的生长季节和增加的二氧化碳水平,但其他地区则面临更频繁的极端天气事件的威胁。模型可以通过调查作物、树木和环境之间的相互作用来指导决策,从而在预测未来农林情景方面发挥关键作用。本研究在北爱尔兰的一个案例研究中,使用生物物理EcoYield-SAFE农林业模型来解释大气二氧化碳施肥,并使用1989年至2021年的现有野外测量和天气数据对模型进行校准。然后,该研究基于代表性浓度路径(RCP 4.5和RCP 8.5)研究了2020-2060年和2060-2100年的两种未来气候情景。随着CO2施肥的增加,未来气候情景对草地、可耕地产量和树木生长的净影响为正,超过了温度升高和干旱胁迫的总体负影响。对于基线和未来气候情景,预测的森林和森林农林业的土地等效比率保持相对恒定。预计耕地系统(1.02-1.18 t C ha - 1 yr - 1)土壤有机碳损失大于草地系统(0.43-0.55 t C ha - 1 yr - 1),基线和气候情景之间的差异相对较小。然而,从长期来看,植树造林减少了土壤有机碳的预测损失。该模型还用于检验不同树木密度对木材体积和林下作物产量之间权衡的影响。据我们所知,这是第一个校准和验证一个模型的研究,该模型可以解释二氧化碳施肥的影响,并确定未来气候情景对欧洲同一地点的可耕地、草地、林地、森林和森林系统的影响。
期刊介绍:
Agronomy for Sustainable Development (ASD) is a peer-reviewed scientific journal of international scope, dedicated to publishing original research articles, review articles, and meta-analyses aimed at improving sustainability in agricultural and food systems. The journal serves as a bridge between agronomy, cropping, and farming system research and various other disciplines including ecology, genetics, economics, and social sciences.
ASD encourages studies in agroecology, participatory research, and interdisciplinary approaches, with a focus on systems thinking applied at different scales from field to global levels.
Research articles published in ASD should present significant scientific advancements compared to existing knowledge, within an international context. Review articles should critically evaluate emerging topics, and opinion papers may also be submitted as reviews. Meta-analysis articles should provide clear contributions to resolving widely debated scientific questions.