{"title":"Thermodynamic modeling and solubility behavior of etoricoxib in different mono-solvents at different temperatures","authors":"Pavan Rathi , Mayura Kale , Sachin Jagdale , Abolghasem Jouyban","doi":"10.1016/j.molliq.2025.127748","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Thermodynamic models for correlating the solubility of drugs in water and organic solvents have a practical importance in design and development of new products in pharmaceutical and chemical industries. Solubility data of etoricoxib (ETR) are scarce in the research literature. Thus the present investigation pertains to the utility of various thermodynamic models including van’t Hoff model, Apelblat model, and Buchowski-Ksiazczak model for solubility correlation of ETR in eighteen different mono-solvents, namely, methanol (MeOH), ethanol (EtOH), 1-propanol (1-PrOH), 2-propanol (2-PrOH), formamide, 1,4-dioxane, <em>N,N</em>-dimethyl formamide (DMF), <em>N,N</em>-dimethyl acetamide (DMA), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), <em>N</em>-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), ethylene glycol (EG), propylene glycol (PG), 1,4-butanediol (BDOH), glycerin, polyethylene glycol-200 (PEG-200), PEG-400, PEG-600, and water at five different temperatures (T = 293.2 K to 313.2 K) and atmospheric pressure (p = 0.1 MPa). The solid state characterization by fourier transform Raman spectroscopy (FT-Raman), X-ray powder diffraction analysis (XRPD), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) confirmed no transformation of ETR into polymorphs. The mole fraction solubility of ETR was recorded the highest in PEG-600 (4.558 × 10<sup>-1</sup>) and lowest in water (2.439 × 10<sup>-5</sup>) at 313.2 K. The activity coefficients were calculated with the help of ideal solubilities, and found the highest molecular interaction between ETR and PEG-600. Moreover, apparent thermodynamic treatment of solubility data of ETR indicated an endothermic, spontaneous, and an entropy-driven dissolution process in all eighteen mono-solvents investigated. Thus, these reported thermodynamic parameters provide useful information for better understanding of dissolution of ETR.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":371,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Molecular Liquids","volume":"432 ","pages":"Article 127748"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3000,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Molecular Liquids","FirstCategoryId":"92","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167732225009250","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Thermodynamic models for correlating the solubility of drugs in water and organic solvents have a practical importance in design and development of new products in pharmaceutical and chemical industries. Solubility data of etoricoxib (ETR) are scarce in the research literature. Thus the present investigation pertains to the utility of various thermodynamic models including van’t Hoff model, Apelblat model, and Buchowski-Ksiazczak model for solubility correlation of ETR in eighteen different mono-solvents, namely, methanol (MeOH), ethanol (EtOH), 1-propanol (1-PrOH), 2-propanol (2-PrOH), formamide, 1,4-dioxane, N,N-dimethyl formamide (DMF), N,N-dimethyl acetamide (DMA), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), ethylene glycol (EG), propylene glycol (PG), 1,4-butanediol (BDOH), glycerin, polyethylene glycol-200 (PEG-200), PEG-400, PEG-600, and water at five different temperatures (T = 293.2 K to 313.2 K) and atmospheric pressure (p = 0.1 MPa). The solid state characterization by fourier transform Raman spectroscopy (FT-Raman), X-ray powder diffraction analysis (XRPD), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) confirmed no transformation of ETR into polymorphs. The mole fraction solubility of ETR was recorded the highest in PEG-600 (4.558 × 10-1) and lowest in water (2.439 × 10-5) at 313.2 K. The activity coefficients were calculated with the help of ideal solubilities, and found the highest molecular interaction between ETR and PEG-600. Moreover, apparent thermodynamic treatment of solubility data of ETR indicated an endothermic, spontaneous, and an entropy-driven dissolution process in all eighteen mono-solvents investigated. Thus, these reported thermodynamic parameters provide useful information for better understanding of dissolution of ETR.
期刊介绍:
The journal includes papers in the following areas:
– Simple organic liquids and mixtures
– Ionic liquids
– Surfactant solutions (including micelles and vesicles) and liquid interfaces
– Colloidal solutions and nanoparticles
– Thermotropic and lyotropic liquid crystals
– Ferrofluids
– Water, aqueous solutions and other hydrogen-bonded liquids
– Lubricants, polymer solutions and melts
– Molten metals and salts
– Phase transitions and critical phenomena in liquids and confined fluids
– Self assembly in complex liquids.– Biomolecules in solution
The emphasis is on the molecular (or microscopic) understanding of particular liquids or liquid systems, especially concerning structure, dynamics and intermolecular forces. The experimental techniques used may include:
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– Non-linear optics and time resolved spectroscopy (psec, fsec, asec, ISRS, etc.)
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– Dielectric relaxation
– X-ray and neutron scattering and diffraction.
Experimental studies, computer simulations (MD or MC) and analytical theory will be considered for publication; papers just reporting experimental results that do not contribute to the understanding of the fundamentals of molecular and ionic liquids will not be accepted. Only papers of a non-routine nature and advancing the field will be considered for publication.