Dissolution of anthracene in aromatics: Solubility, correlation and thermodynamic analysis

IF 5.3 2区化学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Journal of Molecular Liquids Pub Date : 2025-05-09 DOI:10.1016/j.molliq.2025.127691

Yixuan Wang , Zhenmin Cheng , Quanjie Liu , Chao Yang , Liming Jia , Chen Yang , Hongxin Bai

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Anthracene is characterized by its unique electronic and organic properties as the cornerstone for various applications. Particularly in the synthesis of anthraquinone derivatives, anthracene serves as the key raw materials in the alkylation and oxidation, acting as the hydrogen carrier for hydrogen peroxide production via AO process. However, inadequate knowledge about its dissolution behavior in solvents has been one of the main limitations for its purification and practical applications, commonly resulting in its unsatisfactory commercial products and thus leads to insufficient efficiency of chemical synthesis. In this study, the solubility behavior of anthracene in various solvents was specifically investigated by the synthetic method at temperatures ranging from 304.15 to 338.15 K under atmospheric pressure. To facilitate decent solvents screening, aromatics such as benzene and its derivatives were specifically exploited as the working solution components in this work. The experimental solubility values and their corresponding activity coefficient of anthracene were analyzed and correlated on the basis of modified Apelblat and λ-h models. Furthermore, thermodynamic analysis, including the changes of enthalpy, entropy, and Gibbs free energy, was subsequently conducted using the modified Van’t Hoff equation. As a result, the dissolution of anthracene is an endothermic and entropy-driven process in studied solvents, among which chlorobenzene seems to be the most actively interactive with anthracene and thus results to the best dissolving capacity for anthracene.

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蒽在芳烃中的溶解：溶解度、相关性和热力学分析

蒽的特点是其独特的电子和有机性质，是各种应用的基石。特别是在蒽醌类衍生物的合成中，蒽作为烷基化和氧化的关键原料，作为AO法生产过氧化氢的氢载体。然而，对其在溶剂中的溶解行为了解不足一直是其纯化和实际应用的主要限制之一，通常导致其商业产品不令人满意，从而导致化学合成效率不高。本研究以常压下温度为304.15 ~ 338.15 K，用合成方法具体研究了蒽在各种溶剂中的溶解度行为。为了方便合适的溶剂筛选，芳烃如苯及其衍生物被专门利用作为工作的溶液组分在这项工作。基于改进的Apelblat和λ-h模型，分析了蒽的实验溶解度值及其对应的活度系数。然后，利用修正的范霍夫方程进行热力学分析，包括焓、熵和吉布斯自由能的变化。结果表明，蒽在溶剂中的溶解是一个吸热和熵驱动的过程，其中氯苯与蒽的相互作用最活跃，因此对蒽的溶解能力最好。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Journal of Molecular Liquids 化学-物理：原子、分子和化学物理

CiteScore

10.30

自引率

16.70%

发文量

2597

审稿时长

78 days

期刊介绍： The journal includes papers in the following areas: – Simple organic liquids and mixtures – Ionic liquids – Surfactant solutions (including micelles and vesicles) and liquid interfaces – Colloidal solutions and nanoparticles – Thermotropic and lyotropic liquid crystals – Ferrofluids – Water, aqueous solutions and other hydrogen-bonded liquids – Lubricants, polymer solutions and melts – Molten metals and salts – Phase transitions and critical phenomena in liquids and confined fluids – Self assembly in complex liquids.– Biomolecules in solution The emphasis is on the molecular (or microscopic) understanding of particular liquids or liquid systems, especially concerning structure, dynamics and intermolecular forces. The experimental techniques used may include: – Conventional spectroscopy (mid-IR and far-IR, Raman, NMR, etc.) – Non-linear optics and time resolved spectroscopy (psec, fsec, asec, ISRS, etc.) – Light scattering (Rayleigh, Brillouin, PCS, etc.) – Dielectric relaxation – X-ray and neutron scattering and diffraction. Experimental studies, computer simulations (MD or MC) and analytical theory will be considered for publication; papers just reporting experimental results that do not contribute to the understanding of the fundamentals of molecular and ionic liquids will not be accepted. Only papers of a non-routine nature and advancing the field will be considered for publication.