Effects of welfare reform on maternal engagement and involvement with young adolescents

IF 2.7 1区 社会学 Q1 FAMILY STUDIES
Hope Corman, Dhaval M. Dave, Ariel Kalil, Ofira Schwartz-Soicher, Nancy E. Reichman
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Objective

This study investigates the effects of welfare reform in the U.S. on positive parenting-related outcomes and potential pathways.

Background

The 1996 welfare reform legislation sharply restricted eligibility for benefits with a strong emphasis on employment over cash assistance. The legislation led to dramatic declines in welfare caseloads and increases in employment. Much less is known about the effects of welfare reform on dynamics within families that affect children.

Method

Using data on low-educated unmarried mothers in the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 linked to information on their 10- to 14-year-old children, we exploit variations in welfare reform implementation across states, over time, and between treatment and comparison groups to identify plausibly causal effects of the legislation on children's reports of activities with parents and closeness of the maternal-child relationship. The analytic sample includes 3,172–3,737 observations for boys and 3,089–3,619 for girls, depending on outcome.

Results

We find modestly negative effects of welfare reform on children's reports of activities with parents and closeness of the maternal-child relationship, with stronger effects for boys than girls. We find no evidence that the effects operated through employment. However, we found suggestive evidence that decreases in income play a role.

Conclusion

Welfare reform compromised maternal involvement and engagement with adolescents, particularly boys, which could adversely affect their development and long-run success.

福利改革对母亲参与和参与青少年的影响
目的研究美国福利改革对积极亲子关系的影响及其潜在途径。1996年的福利改革立法严格限制了领取福利的资格,强调就业多于现金援助。这项立法导致了福利案件数量的急剧下降和就业的增加。关于福利改革对影响儿童的家庭内部动态的影响,人们知之甚少。方法利用1979年全国青年纵向调查中有关低教育程度未婚母亲的数据及其10至14岁子女的信息,我们利用福利改革在各州、不同时间、实验组和对照组之间实施的差异,以确定立法对儿童与父母活动报告和母子关系亲密程度的合理因果影响。分析样本包括3,172-3,737对男孩的观察和3,089-3,619对女孩的观察,这取决于结果。结果我们发现福利改革对儿童与父母的活动报告和母子关系亲密程度有轻微的负面影响,对男孩的影响强于女孩。我们没有发现证据表明这种影响是通过雇佣产生的。然而,我们发现了暗示性的证据,表明收入的减少起到了作用。结论福利改革削弱了母亲对青少年的参与和参与,特别是男孩,可能对他们的发展和长期成功产生不利影响。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
12.20
自引率
6.70%
发文量
81
期刊介绍: For more than 70 years, Journal of Marriage and Family (JMF) has been a leading research journal in the family field. JMF features original research and theory, research interpretation and reviews, and critical discussion concerning all aspects of marriage, other forms of close relationships, and families.In 2009, an institutional subscription to Journal of Marriage and Family includes a subscription to Family Relations and Journal of Family Theory & Review.
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