Yuxi Du , Zhihong Zuo , Lina Qiao , Shaoyu Su , Qin Zeng , Fan Yang
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
Aims
In this study, we used data drawn from one- and two-child families with children aged between three and six years in Shanghai, China. We (a) examined the status of parenting self-efficacy and parent–child relationships in Chinese families, (b) checked for heterogeneity in parenting self-efficacy and investigated how it relates to the number of children, and (c) explored the relationship between parenting self-efficacy and parent–child relationships to provide guidance for childcare services and nursing.
Method
This quantitative, cross-sectional study examined 378 one-child parents and 372 two-child parents in Shanghai, China, who were tested separately on their parenting self-efficacy and parent–child relationships using the Parenting Tasks Index–Toddler Scale and Parent–Child Relationship Scale in June 2021 (with a 94% response rate). We analyzed parenting self-efficacy via a latent profile analysis and classified it by type and distribution. Furthermore, we explored the differences between the one- and two-child parents in parenting self-efficacy, latent type score, and relevance to the parent–child relationship using an independent samples t-test, variance analysis, and logistic regression.
Results
Parenting self-efficacy was divided into three latent types: low, medium, and high (entropy = 0.839/0.840, Lo–Mendell–Rubin adjusted likelihood ratio test = 223.222/257.495). The higher the parents’ parent–child relationship score, the more likely they were to be classified as a medium or high self-efficacy type (odds ratio = 46.924/37.721). One-child parents accounted for a higher proportion of high self-efficacy types than two-child parents (37.5% vs. 31.0%), and their parenting self-efficacy was significantly higher than that of two-child parents (4.53 > 4.45, P < 0.05).
Conclusion
Having a second child led to differences in parenting self-efficacy and the distribution of latent types with one-child parents. The lower self-efficacy among two-child parents should be addressed by promoting parenting self-efficacy through the parent–child relationship. Customized intervention strategies are recommended given the heterogeneity of the self-efficacy profiles.
在这项研究中,我们使用的数据来自中国上海的一个和两个孩子的家庭,孩子的年龄在3到6岁之间。我们(a)研究了中国家庭中父母自我效能感和亲子关系的现状,(b)检查了父母自我效能感的异质性,并研究了其与子女数量的关系,(c)探讨了父母自我效能感与亲子关系的关系,为托儿服务和护理提供指导。方法采用定量横断面研究方法,于2021年6月在上海对378名独生子女父母和372名二孩父母分别进行了育儿自我效能感和亲子关系的测试,问卷回复率为94%。我们通过潜在剖面分析来分析父母自我效能感,并将其按类型和分布进行分类。此外,我们采用独立样本t检验、方差分析和逻辑回归分析,探讨了独生子女父母和二孩父母在育儿自我效能感、潜在类型得分和亲子关系相关性方面的差异。结果父母自我效能感分为低、中、高3个潜型(熵值= 0.839/0.840,Lo-Mendell-Rubin校正似然比检验= 223.222/257.495)。父母的亲子关系得分越高,越有可能被归为中、高自我效能型(优势比= 46.924/37.721)。独生子女父母的高自我效能类型占比高于二孩父母(37.5% vs. 31.0%),且独生子女父母的育儿自我效能显著高于二孩父母(4.53 >;4.45, P <;0.05)。结论二孩导致独生子女父母的自我效能感和潜在类型分布存在差异。二孩父母自我效能感较低的问题应通过亲子关系提升父母自我效能感来解决。鉴于自我效能档案的异质性,建议采用定制的干预策略。