Sustainable extraction of value-added compounds from orange waste using natural deep eutectic solvents

IF 5.3 2区化学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Journal of Molecular Liquids Pub Date : 2025-04-30 DOI:10.1016/j.molliq.2025.127703

Mirella R.V. Bertolo , Luis Fernando R. Oliveira , Guilherme M. Titato , Fernando M. Lanças , Daniel S. Correa

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Abstract

Orange peels are considered a major agro-industrial residue from orange fruit processing. Their rich composition can lead to ready-to-use products with antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. However, many conventional methods rely on organic solvents and energy-intensive processes, reducing their environmental friendliness. To address this, sustainable approaches that use greener solvents to extract valuable products from agro-industrial waste are sought after. This study evaluated the use of distinct natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) for phenolics extraction and hydrodistillation of orange peels, employing an ultrasound-assisted technique. The NADES formulated with betaine and glycerol (BET-GLY) led to the highest total phenolic content (TPC) among the obtained extracts. The extraction was optimized using a Box-Behnken design, leading to a TPC about 31 % higher than under non-optimized conditions. Besides, the optimized extract showed a suitable shelf life, presenting only a 6 % TPC decrease after 6 months of storage. For the hydrodistillation of the peels for essential oil extraction, the NADES based on choline chloride and glycerol (CC-GLY) led to the highest oil yield (24 mg oil g⁻¹ peel). The essential oil showed growth inhibitions greater than 90 % for both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Finally, both processes were evaluated for their green effectiveness using the Green Certificate method, with scores exceeding 90. The results demonstrate that combining NADES with ultrasound facilitates greener and safer processes by reducing reagents, waste generation, and energy consumption. This approach represents a potential tool for the sustainable production of high-value compounds for the food and pharmaceutical industries using agricultural waste.

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利用天然深共晶溶剂从橙子废料中可持续提取增值化合物

橙子皮被认为是橙子加工过程中主要的农业工业残留物。其丰富的成分可以导致即用产品具有抗氧化和抗菌性能。然而，许多传统方法依赖于有机溶剂和能源密集型工艺，降低了它们的环境友好性。为了解决这个问题，人们寻求使用更环保的溶剂从农业工业废物中提取有价值产品的可持续方法。本研究评估了不同的天然深度共晶溶剂（NADES）在超声辅助技术下对橙子皮酚类物质的提取和加氢蒸馏中的使用。甜菜碱和甘油配制的NADES （BET-GLY）的总酚含量（TPC）最高。采用Box-Behnken设计优化提取，TPC比未优化条件下提高约31%。此外，优化后的提取物具有合适的保质期，在储存6个月后，TPC仅下降6%。以氯化胆碱和甘油为基础的NADES （CC-GLY）对果皮进行加氢蒸馏提取精油的收率最高（24 mg油g−1果皮）。精油对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的生长抑制作用均大于90%。最后，使用绿色证书方法对这两个过程的绿色有效性进行评估，得分超过90分。结果表明，将NADES与超声波相结合，通过减少试剂、废物产生和能源消耗，促进了更环保、更安全的过程。这种方法代表了利用农业废弃物可持续生产食品和制药工业高价值化合物的潜在工具。

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来源期刊

Journal of Molecular Liquids 化学-物理：原子、分子和化学物理

CiteScore

10.30

自引率

16.70%

发文量

2597

审稿时长

78 days

期刊介绍： The journal includes papers in the following areas: – Simple organic liquids and mixtures – Ionic liquids – Surfactant solutions (including micelles and vesicles) and liquid interfaces – Colloidal solutions and nanoparticles – Thermotropic and lyotropic liquid crystals – Ferrofluids – Water, aqueous solutions and other hydrogen-bonded liquids – Lubricants, polymer solutions and melts – Molten metals and salts – Phase transitions and critical phenomena in liquids and confined fluids – Self assembly in complex liquids.– Biomolecules in solution The emphasis is on the molecular (or microscopic) understanding of particular liquids or liquid systems, especially concerning structure, dynamics and intermolecular forces. The experimental techniques used may include: – Conventional spectroscopy (mid-IR and far-IR, Raman, NMR, etc.) – Non-linear optics and time resolved spectroscopy (psec, fsec, asec, ISRS, etc.) – Light scattering (Rayleigh, Brillouin, PCS, etc.) – Dielectric relaxation – X-ray and neutron scattering and diffraction. Experimental studies, computer simulations (MD or MC) and analytical theory will be considered for publication; papers just reporting experimental results that do not contribute to the understanding of the fundamentals of molecular and ionic liquids will not be accepted. Only papers of a non-routine nature and advancing the field will be considered for publication.